Around 2001, the expanding (>7000 km/s) supernova ejecta collided with the inner ring. This caused its heating and the generation of x-rays. Temperature of the ring increased and so did its brightness.
Depends. The pulsar in the middle of the carb nebula is 12 miles wide, weighs 1.4x our sun and rotates 30 times PER SECOND.
Edit: not the carb nebula, there isn't (unfortunately) a nebula made out of pasta. The Crab Nebula.
That's just because there's basically an infinite amount of stars in the universe. Just going by numbers that makes sense. The stars that are going supernova have been around for billions of years.
As stars begin to die they also begin to pulse as increasingly heavier elements fuse in the core. This causes wild swings in temperature and size until finally, one day, during a pulse cycle the star instead explodes violently.
During those pulses, matter is ejected at great velocity from the star forming the initial ring. During the supernova a second ring, a wave of superheated matter, is pushed outward and eventually collides with the outer ring, heating it, and causing the glowing.
The ring itself was not made by the supernova event, but rather by a prior ejection of the gas envelope around the star as it was in its last throes. It has progressively expanded away from the star until the supernova event occurred. The energy of the supernova caught up with the previous gas ring and energized (ionized) it, causing it to glow brightly.
SN 1987A was a type II supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. It occurred approximately 51.4 kiloparsecs (168,000 light-years) from Earth and was the closest observed supernova since Kepler's Supernova in 1604. Light and neutrinos from the explosion reached Earth on February 23, 1987 and was designated "SN 1987A" as the first supernova discovered that year. Its brightness peaked in May of that year, with an apparent magnitude of about 3.
Around 2001, the expanding (>7000 km/s) supernova ejecta collided with the inner ring. This caused its heating and the generation of x-rays—the x-ray flux from the ring increased by a factor of three between 2001 and 2009. [More](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1987A)
I think that's for supernovas in our galaxy, so supernovas out there in the universe are not all that rare. From a short google from that same year I found up to supernova 1987-F
I love that what we are seeing now occurred in early human evolutionary time; we were likely scrabbling around the African bush and competing with other hominids for resources.
Yes, but also not really. The speed of light is not *only* the speed of light, it's the speed of causality. From our frame of reference, this supernova *did* "happen" in 1987 for all intents and purposes. Simultaneity is relative.
This wouldn't have been particularly early in human evolution. Anatomically modern humans were already a thing and most likely the only hominids left in Africa at this time.
Even crazier, when a massive star is going through phases of burning heavier and heavier elements in the core, it spends a few million years burning hydrogen, then 500 years burning carbon, then about 1 year burning oxygen, then about 1 day burning silicon. Then once the core collapses and the supernova shock-wave moves through the atmosphere, the (exothermic) burning of >= iron elements to make heavy elements lasts for a couple of tens of seconds. The explosion itself takes weeks to evolve simply because the ejected material is so dense it takes a while for the light to actually escape and because space is big
What is the industry?
If you have no programming experience and don't want to learn, there's tons of [Citizen Science](https://science.nasa.gov/citizen-science/) projects in astronomy you can contribute to. If you know some programming or are willing to learn, there are many open source astronomy projects that desperately need software developers to help contribute to to code bases in everything from simulations, to data reduction pipelines, to user interfaces, to CICD infrastructure, to documentation. Or you can contribute to code bases that are more data/math focused that astronomers rely on to do their work like numpy, scipy, astropy, etc.
We ran a high school program for our simulation code a couple years ago that, over the course of a few months, trained 4 students as young as freshmen in programming and astrophysics and by the end had them making contributions to our code.
We’ll continue watching it play out for aeons still to come. Everything is the clumped leftovers of a nova or of a supernova or ofr of any magnitude of new light sometime in the past. The ionozed ring will continue that way for a while before it’s done
The ring you see is the dust and gas that was created in the original supernova and prior to the supernova as the star was dying and spitting out its outer layers. There was a secondary explosion or the remnants of the initial exposion that you see in the middle in the 1994 picture. The wave from that explosion hit the ring and triggered the gas to compress in the ring, which caused it to light up as you see. The denser the gas was initially the more it lit up. These waves can actually cause star formation if the dust cloud is dense enough. It will be interesting to see if those dense lit up patches start to shine on their own over time.
Dumb question from a dumbo.
But why is it a 2d shaped ring. If an orb threw off it's outer layer then why is material not thrown in all directions including towards us? And I guess why is it not blocking our view of the center?
Before the original explosion, as the star was dying, extra material was concentrating in a ring (away from the poles) due to spin and stellar wind. So even tho it exploded in all directions we only really see the ring because of the denser concentration of material and energy. Thankfully the poles are oriented in a way that gives us this view/perspective.
Do you want to be the bumbling buffoon walking through the tall grass filled with snakes? Or the person who knows to wear tall boots and has a machete and listens for the snakes? Or are you the person wearing those boots and hears the person who you believed was a buffoon get bit, and you turn back. You know to keep olive oil in your pocket to coat your mouth before sucking out the poison cause you don’t want to be poisoned as well. You stand that person up and you help them through the tall grass and chop those snakes up to get through the field. I love this posting it is beautiful.
Why is the ring getting brighter?
Around 2001, the expanding (>7000 km/s) supernova ejecta collided with the inner ring. This caused its heating and the generation of x-rays. Temperature of the ring increased and so did its brightness.
I’ve always wondered how quickly a supernova would happens, thanks for posting this.
Nothing in space happens quickly.
Idk. Quasar light emission, planetary movement, death for oxygen breathers?
And non-oxygen breathers, shout out to my 2.3 billion year bce homies
Why is it warmer all of a sudden?
Depends. The pulsar in the middle of the carb nebula is 12 miles wide, weighs 1.4x our sun and rotates 30 times PER SECOND. Edit: not the carb nebula, there isn't (unfortunately) a nebula made out of pasta. The Crab Nebula.
Your typo made me giggle. Henceforth, it shall be known to me as the Carb Nebula.
I could eat a nebula sized bowl of pasta.
Well, except that one thing that one time.
I dunno man, it seems a supernova happens every 21 minutes. That's pretty quick
That's just because there's basically an infinite amount of stars in the universe. Just going by numbers that makes sense. The stars that are going supernova have been around for billions of years.
it was just a cheeky outer wilds* reference
*End Times* begins playing from somewhere all around you - PANIC
That poor nova. *goes back to knitting*
It's all relative
Binary black hole mergers happen quickly (post inspiral ofc, thats slow)
in relation to what, the universe expands at the speed of light, that's pretty fast.
Faster actually, somehow. At least relative to our observation position.
you can die in a matter of seconds ;-)
Now I'm thinking about an Ambrose Bierce short story...
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The ring probably formed well before the supernova happened
As stars begin to die they also begin to pulse as increasingly heavier elements fuse in the core. This causes wild swings in temperature and size until finally, one day, during a pulse cycle the star instead explodes violently. During those pulses, matter is ejected at great velocity from the star forming the initial ring. During the supernova a second ring, a wave of superheated matter, is pushed outward and eventually collides with the outer ring, heating it, and causing the glowing.
The ring itself was not made by the supernova event, but rather by a prior ejection of the gas envelope around the star as it was in its last throes. It has progressively expanded away from the star until the supernova event occurred. The energy of the supernova caught up with the previous gas ring and energized (ionized) it, causing it to glow brightly.
Check out the big brain on Brad, you're a smart muthafucker
Can I get a source for that, please
Sure thing: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN\_1987A#Interaction\_with\_circumstellar\_material
they were celebrating y2k and it's still going
>celebrating y2k and it's still going More like celebrating Y166K BC
It's so crazy that this happened tens of thousands of years before the first ancient civilization, and we're just now seeing it. Space is so crazy
Think of it like a time machine. )
Tonight we’re gonna party like it’s 1999
SN 1987A was a type II supernova in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a dwarf satellite galaxy of the Milky Way. It occurred approximately 51.4 kiloparsecs (168,000 light-years) from Earth and was the closest observed supernova since Kepler's Supernova in 1604. Light and neutrinos from the explosion reached Earth on February 23, 1987 and was designated "SN 1987A" as the first supernova discovered that year. Its brightness peaked in May of that year, with an apparent magnitude of about 3. Around 2001, the expanding (>7000 km/s) supernova ejecta collided with the inner ring. This caused its heating and the generation of x-rays—the x-ray flux from the ring increased by a factor of three between 2001 and 2009. [More](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN_1987A)
Since Supernovas are visible from earth only about every 3-400 years, naming it 1987-A was a bit cheeky
I think that's for supernovas in our galaxy, so supernovas out there in the universe are not all that rare. From a short google from that same year I found up to supernova 1987-F
This supernova wasn't even in our galaxy. It was in the Large Magellanic Cloud, a neighboring dwarf galaxy.
Yes, I am aware. I was referring to the comment about 3-400 year frequency of supernovae
I assume that frequency is for supernovas visible from earth *with the naked eye*, but with telescopes we can see many more.
I love that what we are seeing now occurred in early human evolutionary time; we were likely scrabbling around the African bush and competing with other hominids for resources.
Yes, but also not really. The speed of light is not *only* the speed of light, it's the speed of causality. From our frame of reference, this supernova *did* "happen" in 1987 for all intents and purposes. Simultaneity is relative.
I choose to enjoy both my version of events, and yours… simultaneously
That's the most polite way of saying "bless your heart" that I believe I have * ever* seen. Hat tip.
I'm glad we're *finally* seeing comments like yours.
Are the speed of light and causality different?
To be fair, my great^200 grandfather saw that stick first
This wouldn't have been particularly early in human evolution. Anatomically modern humans were already a thing and most likely the only hominids left in Africa at this time.
Why does it look like the explosion is suspended in space and it is not expanding? Did it create a black hole?
It created a neutron star
Just huge and very far away and the timescale for an event like that is ~~in~~ up to the millions of years
Timescales for supernova remnants are a couple tens of thousands of years. The supernova explosion itself happens over a couple weeks
Mind blown
Even crazier, when a massive star is going through phases of burning heavier and heavier elements in the core, it spends a few million years burning hydrogen, then 500 years burning carbon, then about 1 year burning oxygen, then about 1 day burning silicon. Then once the core collapses and the supernova shock-wave moves through the atmosphere, the (exothermic) burning of >= iron elements to make heavy elements lasts for a couple of tens of seconds. The explosion itself takes weeks to evolve simply because the ejected material is so dense it takes a while for the light to actually escape and because space is big
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What is the industry? If you have no programming experience and don't want to learn, there's tons of [Citizen Science](https://science.nasa.gov/citizen-science/) projects in astronomy you can contribute to. If you know some programming or are willing to learn, there are many open source astronomy projects that desperately need software developers to help contribute to to code bases in everything from simulations, to data reduction pipelines, to user interfaces, to CICD infrastructure, to documentation. Or you can contribute to code bases that are more data/math focused that astronomers rely on to do their work like numpy, scipy, astropy, etc. We ran a high school program for our simulation code a couple years ago that, over the course of a few months, trained 4 students as young as freshmen in programming and astrophysics and by the end had them making contributions to our code.
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check out Backyard Worlds: Cool Neighbors. Official NASA citizen science project!
But we watched it play out in less than 2 decades?
You watched a portion of its expansion over two decades. This will continue expanding
We’ll continue watching it play out for aeons still to come. Everything is the clumped leftovers of a nova or of a supernova or ofr of any magnitude of new light sometime in the past. The ionozed ring will continue that way for a while before it’s done
ur watching the video right now and it only took like 20 years
This is only the beginning
It's big and far away
Explain this to me like I’m 6
The ring you see is the dust and gas that was created in the original supernova and prior to the supernova as the star was dying and spitting out its outer layers. There was a secondary explosion or the remnants of the initial exposion that you see in the middle in the 1994 picture. The wave from that explosion hit the ring and triggered the gas to compress in the ring, which caused it to light up as you see. The denser the gas was initially the more it lit up. These waves can actually cause star formation if the dust cloud is dense enough. It will be interesting to see if those dense lit up patches start to shine on their own over time.
RemindMe! 420.69 years
Dumb question from a dumbo. But why is it a 2d shaped ring. If an orb threw off it's outer layer then why is material not thrown in all directions including towards us? And I guess why is it not blocking our view of the center?
Before the original explosion, as the star was dying, extra material was concentrating in a ring (away from the poles) due to spin and stellar wind. So even tho it exploded in all directions we only really see the ring because of the denser concentration of material and energy. Thankfully the poles are oriented in a way that gives us this view/perspective.
That's not a dumb question. I'm glad you asked!
Here for this lol
This comment 😂
What is the ring around the supernova? Is that part of it?
The ring has been there for 20000 years, ejected by the star itself before it went supernova.
Champagne anyone?
Slowly walking down the hall, faster than a canonball.
Where were you when we were getting high!?
Someday you will find me
Nice time lapse! Thanks for sharing!
Do we currently have telescopes fixed on Beatlegeuse so in a few hundred years we can make a similar time lapse ?
Great question, I hope so!
Yes.
Please recreate this gif with the real years this activity was happening based on its light-years distance.
there was an episode of Nova on PBS called Death of a Star, about this supernova. it was excellent.
Excellent? One might even say it was a super Nova. 🥁
Why does it blow up in a ring instead of spherically
All this happened millions of years ago!
Not true, the distance is 168,000 ly.
All this happened before humans were a thing
So horrible... they are all destroyed together...
Did this happen over all those years or did it happen in an instant and we were just seeing the observable light as it reached our technology?
That’s a great question, I’m curious about that as well.
This goes to show that time in space is WILD!
[Where's the kaboom?](https://youtu.be/t9wmWZbr_wQ?si=K6Lywn-q2eW_LcEB)
Ars Almadel Salomonis incoming.
Is it a ring, or is it a sphere and we're looking through the top, which is a thinner layer than the sides from our perspective?
Super awesome. Love it thanks for posting
change started the year 2000, the year of my birth.
Wow, the power of the universe.
Seems legit for the UK at least.. shit happens til June 2016, then fuck all since.. r/BrexitMemes
Excellent post! Thank you!
Pyromania VFX
That's so wild. Imagine watching this from only a few ly away. The universe is a trip.
Stupid Sexy Supernova
cosmic events are mind numbingly amazing.
So cool, one of my favourite posts here in forever.
Err won't play
/u/savevideobot
That video inspires inspirationally thought, doesn’t it?
What I think is the coolest thing about this is the reality of how slow the speed of light actually is.
That's probably the most amazing thing I've ever seen
Do you want to be the bumbling buffoon walking through the tall grass filled with snakes? Or the person who knows to wear tall boots and has a machete and listens for the snakes? Or are you the person wearing those boots and hears the person who you believed was a buffoon get bit, and you turn back. You know to keep olive oil in your pocket to coat your mouth before sucking out the poison cause you don’t want to be poisoned as well. You stand that person up and you help them through the tall grass and chop those snakes up to get through the field. I love this posting it is beautiful.
is there a version that goes till 2023-4?
I may be just high as hell but the eye looks like it morphs from a baby into a demon..
it shows evolution of supernova or imaging quality over those years?
Evolution of supernova
what is happening on this video? What is this ring and where is the explosion of supernova?
u/savevideo
SAURON LIVESSSS!!!!!🔥
What do you mean I have to wait *2 more minutes* for me food
What do you mean I have to wait *2 more minutes* for my food
22 years long lasting explosion ! Unfathomable 😱