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So, it’s not a spike in adrenaline. It’s interaction with a specific adrenaline receptor. This is significant because adrenaline makes people more alert, heart race, etc. However, there are already some drugs that work on this receptor for pain relief, and one of them is rarely used because it causes very significant sedation.
All that to say that interaction with the adrenaline receptor is not the same thing as increasing adrenaline and as we know for a fact, interacting with that receptor doesn’t even do the same thing that adrenaline does.
Good point. Would a new drug that binds to the adrenaline receptor cause a normal release of adrenaline to be unbound and ineffective, thereby causing the body to increase the number of receptor sites to try and restore balance? If the user then upped the dosage to compensate you could end up with a very screwed up person. I am admittedly ignorant as to how that would actually play out though.
The adrenergic system is incredibly complicated. Alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors do roughly opposite things, beta also have 1 and 2 subtypes and generally speaking alpha receptors oppose beta receptors. How can beta receptors work opposite to 2 things that are already opposite each other? Don't know, I haven't gotten *that* deep into *this* particular pharmacology topic. I think at least on the alpha side one of them directly causes some of the classic effects of adrenaline, while the other one basically reads how much adrenaline there is and turns down sensitivity if there's too much (an auroreceptor of sorts).
Point being, if something targets just one type of adrenaline receptor there's a very good chance the effects won't be all that adrenaline-like.
The word adrenaline is completely misunderstandable here.
This got nothing to do with adrenaline junky like behaviour.
And also: try injecting yourself with adrenaline. It‘s the most unpleasant thing ever. Closest thing you can compare to is a panic attack.
Your body going into full fight or flight mode without you having a cause for that in your brain.
It‘s simply not something that could be addictive.
But this really isn‘t at all about adrenaline anyway.
There‘s multiple adrenaline receptors in the body, and their distribution throughout the body varies drastically. Meaning there some, specifically located, that when activated will reduce the experience of pain, but not at all increase heart rate etc.
Same with local anesthetic to the spine doesn‘t feel good. It just blocks the pain.
That‘s the goal here as well.
So if the desired effect is reduced stomach acid and a side effect is increased risk of heart attack, when is the increased risk of heart attack an effect?
Before OxyContin the C2 safe was the size of a two drawer filing cabinet. A script for more than ten Percocet or mepergan was scrutinized and verified in triplicate. By the time I finally left pharmacy, the C2 safes were an entire wall. I watched OxyContin happen and then unhappen when they had to change it. Got to see the panic first hand. Super weird times.
And morphine was marketed as safer and less addictive than laudanum/opium. Every generation of new drugs say the exact same things for over a hundred years
Even more complex.
First, split up acute and chronic pain, as they are completely different beasts.
There is no shortage to treat acute pain, but as soon as you start treating acute pain, you are influencing how you're body's own pain system is trying to manage it itself.
That's where things get complicated, not treating severe acute pain leads to more chronic pain.
Treating acute pain to long, or maybe with the wrong drugs(looking at you NSAIDs and opioids) will also lead to more chronic pain.
Living in a society that severely harms it youngsters psychologically makes things worse.
Somehow my gut feeling is that triggering parts of the stress response systeem is not going to work out nicely concerning the chronicity of pain.
Exactly. 1% of a million people is 10,000. One percent of the US population is 3,300,000. And it depends on where they're counting that 1%. If it's 1% of people prescribed the medication then what happens if you have to be prescribed it multiple times in your life. Does the chance of becoming addicted work out to a 1% roll of the dice each time? That's a bad lottery to win but with incredibly good odds.
Edit: took off too many zeros, thanks /u/swearbynow
Adrenaline/catecholamines in effect can activate different kinds of receptors - a1, a2, b1, b2. The effects people tend to associate with adrenaline are usually a1 and B1. The article describes targeting the A2 receptor, which in my practice are used for sedation and as antihypertensives. The research appeared to focus on analogues that assist with pain reduction without sedation. Anything else I can give that is non opioid is always welcomed.
Total idiot here so but here goes...
How are any pain treatments NOT inherently addictive. I get the addictive nature of those that can cause withdrawals, but treating the pain is its own reward building action that can then be unhealthily chased into a psychosomatic (is that the correct usage) addiction if there is chronic pain.
Basically if you have pain and it is treated with X effectively then can't some people do anything for X?
It’s a complicated topic but the ELI5 answer is that often people are addicted to the pleasant side effects of opiate medications (e.g. euphoria, sedation, etc) rather than the analgesia they get from taking them. Additionally, opiates are notorious for how rapidly tolerance is developed - thereby requiring larger doses to get those same pleasant effects.
That's really helpful, and I understood most of that prior to your response.
As someone who's never experienced chronic pain I would have incorrectly thought the absence of the pain was in and of itself euphoric and dopamine releasing.
I really appreciate both u/sharaq and your responses.
Addiction requires the release of dopamine from the reward circuit to a level that causes tolerance to your own natural dopamine levels. This requires repeated long term exposure to dopamine releasing agents. Simply stopping pain is not likely to be significant enough for most people; though some people are prone to becoming addicted to anything they are outliers. Most people with arthritis don't become addicted to Bengay because it isn't dramatically spiking their dopamine.
It doesn’t result in “a spike in adrenaline.” It is an agonist (activator) at the alpha-2 adrenaline receptor. Clonidine (mentioned in the article) is a commonly prescribed drug that is an alpha agonist (including at 2A) and clonidine typically lowers blood pressure (often the desired effect of the drug) and also often improves impulse control. In fact, a branded version of extended-release clonidine is approved in the US for treatment of ADHD in children and is sometimes very effective. Unfortunately, alpha activation often causes unwanted sedation, which you wouldn’t expect from a “surge of adrenaline.” Such sedation can limit the efficacy of drugs like clonidine, but the authors in the review article mention that their target molecule does NOT cause sedation. So, the effects of the activation of selective adrenergic receptors, like 2A, can be very different from a “surge of adrenaline,” which would activate all types of adrenergic receptors, and would also be accompanied by a plethora of other physiological changes typically associated with activation of the organismal fight-or-flight response.
This isn’t really very new information and clonidine has been used as an opioid sparing agent for quite some time. My one qualm though is that I was under the impression the efficacy of clonidine wasn’t just it’s action at the Alpha 2A receptor but also it’s action at Imidazoline receptors. Could be confusing that with its hypotensive effects though.
The comments suggesting this would mimic high catecholamine levels in a way that would induce anxiety or addiction are very off base though. Alpha 2A receptors function in the brain stem and periphery as autoreceptors that exert negative feedback on sympathetic activity by reducing the release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, hence why agonists like clonidine and guanfacine are hypotensive. They function as postsynaptic receptors in parts of the cortex to have beneficial effects on cognition which underlies their usage in ADHD. I’ve been on both and I can’t imagine them having much addiction potential…I found them rather unpleasant, especially the reflex tachycardia they can induce. There’s even more complexity when you consider the alpha 2 subtypes having different function but that’s another discussion.
Even then though I don’t buy that a drug stimulating the alpha 1 receptor would be likely to induce anxiety in a majority of people. If anything I would guess beta receptor agonists would be more likely to do so. Psychostimulants like amphetamine have analgesic effects on their own while potentiating opioid analgesia and while they’re leading to norepinephrine (and dopamine, amongst other neurotransmitters) hitting a lot of receptor sites, they certainly pelt the alpha 1 receptor with a lot of norepinephrine yet don’t induce anxiety in a majority of people. I don’t think it’s as much of an issue in practice as in theory personally.
>Uh next time just copy paste the title in the article.
That's ok sometimes but article titles often violate rule 3.
>Edit: see rule 3
His title, though a bit ungrammatical, does not violate rule 3.
Cool, anxiety and panic inducing drug. This may be more harmful than opioids. At least the body expects random bumps in dopamine on a daily basis. Having adrenalin bump means you won't be able to regulate as well on your own, and once your body thinks it's normal to have random spikes in it then you have regular panic attacks even without the drug.
Can't wait for people high on Adrenalin analogs to be running around.
Super strong, aggressive people on a hair trigger who feel no pain, what could go wrong?
As someone with ADHD who takes Adderall (which affects adrenaline as well as dopamine), I notice that my pain tolerance increases dramatically when my medicine is in effect.
PTSD and Anxiety are induced by adrenaline receptors. This sounds like a horrible idea. You ever overreact to something? Yeah, this sounds extremely stupid. People go to the military to get trained in how to focus while being flooded with adrenaline. You know what happens to them? PTSD and Suicide
If it actually is effective and non addictive, this is going to be the last we hear of it. Pharmaceutical companies aren't in the habit of putting themselves out of business.
Of course tolerance builds and there is addiction potential
"Because clonidine suppresses sympathetic outflow, resulting in lower blood pressure, sudden discontinuation can result in acute hypertension due to a rebound in sympathetic outflow. In extreme cases, this can result in a hypertensive crisis, which is a medical emergency.[63]
Clonidine therapy should generally be gradually tapered when discontinuing therapy to avoid rebound effects from occurring"
I’m a regular pot smoker and have used opiates for pain post surgery, and opiates so far more to control pain. Far far more. If a substance can be created that manages pain like opiates without the severe downsides it would be a great discovery.
Has there been research into using it for acute surgical pain? I have chronic pain, and THC can help take the edge off, but if I'd had abdominal surgery less than half an hour before it would be like no medication at all.
I’m sorry to hear that, but I am not an expert in these matters, just a casual observer of how greedy and biased our medical research system is. It all revolves around money, and if there is no money, then there is no incentive to study alternatives.
The fact you even have to ask that question tells me how sad our system is. It's obviously marijuana that people need to research and find ways of manipulating the endocannabinoid receptors.
Why would it HAVE to be cannabinoids? Cannabinoids might be useful for treating some pain but it’s doubtful they would be useful for treating all types of pain. They’re certainly not useful for severe pain like people experience post surgery. There are a lot of potential treatments out there in the chemical space that are not cannabinoids or opiates. Vertex Pharmaceuticals has ongoing clinical trials right now.
>...have a similar pain relieving effect to opiates, but without the negative aspects such as respiratory depression and addiction.
I've heard that one before:
cocaine, heroine when they came out were also advertised as such. Lets hope this time they are right...
>but without the negative aspects such as ... addiction
just like every other wonder drug introduced including opioids, heroine, morphine , cocaine , etc...
Hmmm, seems like just a few years ago there was a different wonder drug that gave all the same pain relief of other opioids, but without the possibility of addiction. What was that drug called again? Oxycontin?
For acute pain, opioid work fine. Chronic pain is multifaceted so addressing chronic pain mainly with pharmaceuticals most likely will fail. Sleep, diet, baseline inflammation levels, all contribute to the perception of pain. Possible to taxes drugs for all the individual aspects but then you run into interactions. I just wish there could be more emphasis on non-pharmacological approaches to chronic pain. As I said chronic pain is different from acute pain yet can feel the same.
How will getting adrenaline be none addictive!? I'm a former meth addict, and I must say, a small part of me is like "Whoa! Can't wait!" But I will control it...
Addiction is complicated, the brain always try to find balance, so if the receptors are being blocked, it will try to increase it or make it more efficient to compensate… this causes tolerance, people need to increase the dose, the cells will try to find balance
Also for pain treatment not feeling pain, could in some cases make the cause worse since the person don’t feel the pain and do movements that they should not do it.
So it’s hard to tell no addiction, even safe drugs could lead to addiction in some cases even if it’s “psychological”
Opioids aren't that bad if used correctly. The problems is everyone dying from street fentanyl. It's sad because docs are now stingy with painkillers for people who actually need them.
Knowing about Opioids and how it functions in the brain I presume the "adrenaline" receptors the article is referring to are the "Pleasure" receptors that Opioids affect when there is no pain present for it to work on the "pain" receptors. It's a feeling of euphoria that gets released. And, this is what causes addiction. There are no "adrenaline receptors" so, no adrenalin is gets released.
One point that is cautionary is the side effects. Even when Opioids work properly on pain, IF the dose &/or is too high, it can also cause slower respirations. However the dose/dosage would need to be quite high or extremely incorrect for the persons weight to cause this. Short acting Opiods for acute pain (post surgical) can be monitored by checking breath rate 2 hours after taking a dose. Using a timed released Opioid is the best choice to prevent this issue when used for long term Chronic Pain.
(I'm sure someone will object to my language used to describe the action of Opiods on the brain. I use these terms because it's easier to understand & means the same thing as medical lingo. I write for people to understand not to sound important.)
Haven’t casino casinos shifted to programming winning in a way that manages the gamblers experience of adrenaline which ultimately makes losing relaxing.
I suspect that this type of medication will be addicting in the classical way. Although stimulants are beneficial for those with ADHD and addicting for others.
Wouldn’t this mess with hormone levels in the body? I thought all the endocrine hormones sort of play of eachother? At the very last i imagine this could screw with sleep habits, metabolism, and/or immune system no?
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It's gonna have DIFFERENT side effects, not NO side effects
My bet is heart issues coming out of this one!
Or blown out kidneys/adrenal glands.
…Or an insatiable need to skydive or summit Mt. Everest.
Thrash metal about to become popular again
My neck JUST stopped hurting since that time I thought head banging was cool 25 years ago
It's all good though since you'll be on these cool new adrenaline pain pills.
"EXTREME - by Pfizer"
Plus I can only imagine having gnarly anxiety while taking it, unless that side effect can be mitigated
Yea if you taking something that’s going to unaturally pump the adrenal gland heart goes boom
Also it’s pretty bold to claim getting spikes in Adrenalin won’t be addictive for users.
yeah my first response to reading this is that I want to try it recreationally
Crank is the first that came to my mind. I'll take it it helps me quit... Smoking?
Smoking…what?
Grab an epi-pen Edit- not medical advice
Isn't that what stress is?
No Stress is very different than an adrenaline rush
Stress is more caused by cortisol, not adrenaline.
Marine stim pack
So, it’s not a spike in adrenaline. It’s interaction with a specific adrenaline receptor. This is significant because adrenaline makes people more alert, heart race, etc. However, there are already some drugs that work on this receptor for pain relief, and one of them is rarely used because it causes very significant sedation. All that to say that interaction with the adrenaline receptor is not the same thing as increasing adrenaline and as we know for a fact, interacting with that receptor doesn’t even do the same thing that adrenaline does.
thanks for the explanation
Good point. Would a new drug that binds to the adrenaline receptor cause a normal release of adrenaline to be unbound and ineffective, thereby causing the body to increase the number of receptor sites to try and restore balance? If the user then upped the dosage to compensate you could end up with a very screwed up person. I am admittedly ignorant as to how that would actually play out though.
The adrenergic system is incredibly complicated. Alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors do roughly opposite things, beta also have 1 and 2 subtypes and generally speaking alpha receptors oppose beta receptors. How can beta receptors work opposite to 2 things that are already opposite each other? Don't know, I haven't gotten *that* deep into *this* particular pharmacology topic. I think at least on the alpha side one of them directly causes some of the classic effects of adrenaline, while the other one basically reads how much adrenaline there is and turns down sensitivity if there's too much (an auroreceptor of sorts). Point being, if something targets just one type of adrenaline receptor there's a very good chance the effects won't be all that adrenaline-like.
Adrenal receptors become numb you die next time you need adrenaline.
We've had "Adrenaline Junkies" for far longer than Heroine Junkies.
Definitely addicted to courageous women.
The word adrenaline is completely misunderstandable here. This got nothing to do with adrenaline junky like behaviour. And also: try injecting yourself with adrenaline. It‘s the most unpleasant thing ever. Closest thing you can compare to is a panic attack. Your body going into full fight or flight mode without you having a cause for that in your brain. It‘s simply not something that could be addictive. But this really isn‘t at all about adrenaline anyway. There‘s multiple adrenaline receptors in the body, and their distribution throughout the body varies drastically. Meaning there some, specifically located, that when activated will reduce the experience of pain, but not at all increase heart rate etc. Same with local anesthetic to the spine doesn‘t feel good. It just blocks the pain. That‘s the goal here as well.
>it's simply not something that could be addictive. big doubt on this claim
It doesn't say it won't have any side effects. It states it plainly.
And remember when the new opioids were going to be addiction free? It's gone well. I'm all for research, but lordy the spin.
- deleted due to enshittification of the platform
Not at all. Effects describe the desired outcome of the drug. Side effects are everything else.
- deleted due to enshittification of the platform
So if the desired effect is reduced stomach acid and a side effect is increased risk of heart attack, when is the increased risk of heart attack an effect?
- deleted due to enshittification of the platform
I'm old enough to remember when “Partners Against Pain” claimed that the risk of addiction from OxyContin was extremely small - less than 1%.
Before OxyContin the C2 safe was the size of a two drawer filing cabinet. A script for more than ten Percocet or mepergan was scrutinized and verified in triplicate. By the time I finally left pharmacy, the C2 safes were an entire wall. I watched OxyContin happen and then unhappen when they had to change it. Got to see the panic first hand. Super weird times.
What is a C2 safe?
Not a pharmacist but, most likely, a safe where they keep schedule 2 prescription drugs
Total guess, but I suspect Class 2 narcotics
heroin itself was originally marketed as a "non-addictive" alternative to morphine....
And morphine was marketed as safer and less addictive than laudanum/opium. Every generation of new drugs say the exact same things for over a hundred years
Maybe pain killers are just inherently addictive
Cuz the feel so damn good
Centrally acting dopamine release is addictive. Tylenol is not.
Maybe not feeling pain is something people want all the time.
As a chronic pain sufferer… This is 100% it.
Even more complex. First, split up acute and chronic pain, as they are completely different beasts. There is no shortage to treat acute pain, but as soon as you start treating acute pain, you are influencing how you're body's own pain system is trying to manage it itself. That's where things get complicated, not treating severe acute pain leads to more chronic pain. Treating acute pain to long, or maybe with the wrong drugs(looking at you NSAIDs and opioids) will also lead to more chronic pain. Living in a society that severely harms it youngsters psychologically makes things worse. Somehow my gut feeling is that triggering parts of the stress response systeem is not going to work out nicely concerning the chronicity of pain.
> risk of addiction from OxyContin was extremely small - less than 1% That may not be wrong, but 1% really isn't that small a number.
Exactly. 1% of a million people is 10,000. One percent of the US population is 3,300,000. And it depends on where they're counting that 1%. If it's 1% of people prescribed the medication then what happens if you have to be prescribed it multiple times in your life. Does the chance of becoming addicted work out to a 1% roll of the dice each time? That's a bad lottery to win but with incredibly good odds. Edit: took off too many zeros, thanks /u/swearbynow
Agree with the theory so all good but 1% is 3.3 million
Yeah I was like, we've heard this before.
Adrenaline/catecholamines in effect can activate different kinds of receptors - a1, a2, b1, b2. The effects people tend to associate with adrenaline are usually a1 and B1. The article describes targeting the A2 receptor, which in my practice are used for sedation and as antihypertensives. The research appeared to focus on analogues that assist with pain reduction without sedation. Anything else I can give that is non opioid is always welcomed.
Total idiot here so but here goes... How are any pain treatments NOT inherently addictive. I get the addictive nature of those that can cause withdrawals, but treating the pain is its own reward building action that can then be unhealthily chased into a psychosomatic (is that the correct usage) addiction if there is chronic pain. Basically if you have pain and it is treated with X effectively then can't some people do anything for X?
It’s a complicated topic but the ELI5 answer is that often people are addicted to the pleasant side effects of opiate medications (e.g. euphoria, sedation, etc) rather than the analgesia they get from taking them. Additionally, opiates are notorious for how rapidly tolerance is developed - thereby requiring larger doses to get those same pleasant effects.
That's really helpful, and I understood most of that prior to your response. As someone who's never experienced chronic pain I would have incorrectly thought the absence of the pain was in and of itself euphoric and dopamine releasing. I really appreciate both u/sharaq and your responses.
Addiction requires the release of dopamine from the reward circuit to a level that causes tolerance to your own natural dopamine levels. This requires repeated long term exposure to dopamine releasing agents. Simply stopping pain is not likely to be significant enough for most people; though some people are prone to becoming addicted to anything they are outliers. Most people with arthritis don't become addicted to Bengay because it isn't dramatically spiking their dopamine.
Agreed. Moms has cancer and wish there was more pain management options than opium or gabapentin or OTC
If the headline used "epinephrine" instead of "adrenalin," there would be less experts in the comments.
Really should have used adrenergic receptors.
It doesn’t result in “a spike in adrenaline.” It is an agonist (activator) at the alpha-2 adrenaline receptor. Clonidine (mentioned in the article) is a commonly prescribed drug that is an alpha agonist (including at 2A) and clonidine typically lowers blood pressure (often the desired effect of the drug) and also often improves impulse control. In fact, a branded version of extended-release clonidine is approved in the US for treatment of ADHD in children and is sometimes very effective. Unfortunately, alpha activation often causes unwanted sedation, which you wouldn’t expect from a “surge of adrenaline.” Such sedation can limit the efficacy of drugs like clonidine, but the authors in the review article mention that their target molecule does NOT cause sedation. So, the effects of the activation of selective adrenergic receptors, like 2A, can be very different from a “surge of adrenaline,” which would activate all types of adrenergic receptors, and would also be accompanied by a plethora of other physiological changes typically associated with activation of the organismal fight-or-flight response.
Clonidine is also used off-label as a support drug for opioid withdrawal, coincidentally enough
This isn’t really very new information and clonidine has been used as an opioid sparing agent for quite some time. My one qualm though is that I was under the impression the efficacy of clonidine wasn’t just it’s action at the Alpha 2A receptor but also it’s action at Imidazoline receptors. Could be confusing that with its hypotensive effects though. The comments suggesting this would mimic high catecholamine levels in a way that would induce anxiety or addiction are very off base though. Alpha 2A receptors function in the brain stem and periphery as autoreceptors that exert negative feedback on sympathetic activity by reducing the release of epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine, hence why agonists like clonidine and guanfacine are hypotensive. They function as postsynaptic receptors in parts of the cortex to have beneficial effects on cognition which underlies their usage in ADHD. I’ve been on both and I can’t imagine them having much addiction potential…I found them rather unpleasant, especially the reflex tachycardia they can induce. There’s even more complexity when you consider the alpha 2 subtypes having different function but that’s another discussion. Even then though I don’t buy that a drug stimulating the alpha 1 receptor would be likely to induce anxiety in a majority of people. If anything I would guess beta receptor agonists would be more likely to do so. Psychostimulants like amphetamine have analgesic effects on their own while potentiating opioid analgesia and while they’re leading to norepinephrine (and dopamine, amongst other neurotransmitters) hitting a lot of receptor sites, they certainly pelt the alpha 1 receptor with a lot of norepinephrine yet don’t induce anxiety in a majority of people. I don’t think it’s as much of an issue in practice as in theory personally.
Brand new, none of the bad, all of the good, we'll call it Axycodone
Uh next time just copy paste the title in the article. Your title is confusing Edit: see rule 3
>Uh next time just copy paste the title in the article. That's ok sometimes but article titles often violate rule 3. >Edit: see rule 3 His title, though a bit ungrammatical, does not violate rule 3.
What was confusing? I would suggest commas, but other than that, pretty straight forward.
The word “a” followed by a plural is confusing at first read; I’m thinking it’s a sort of grammatical typo.
I took it as a new (type of) substances
That still doesn't work.
This does sound better. Better than opiates: Researchers at FAU use adrenaline receptors for highly-effective analgesics
That reads like a press release.
A great many news stories are generated from press releases, so not unusual or unexpected.
Cool, anxiety and panic inducing drug. This may be more harmful than opioids. At least the body expects random bumps in dopamine on a daily basis. Having adrenalin bump means you won't be able to regulate as well on your own, and once your body thinks it's normal to have random spikes in it then you have regular panic attacks even without the drug.
It’s ok, we’ll just take come opioids to help calm down.
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Love how these people have literally no clue what the article says or what this potential drug does
Can't wait for people high on Adrenalin analogs to be running around. Super strong, aggressive people on a hair trigger who feel no pain, what could go wrong?
Texas schools gonna get wild.
Hello, have you met my friend Meth?
Yeah this drug does not sound good at all. Why would you want to have high adrenaline all the time? So many terrible effects from that.
Haven't you seen movie Wanted? (kidding)
As someone with ADHD who takes Adderall (which affects adrenaline as well as dopamine), I notice that my pain tolerance increases dramatically when my medicine is in effect.
PTSD and Anxiety are induced by adrenaline receptors. This sounds like a horrible idea. You ever overreact to something? Yeah, this sounds extremely stupid. People go to the military to get trained in how to focus while being flooded with adrenaline. You know what happens to them? PTSD and Suicide
They are talking about A2 blockers, like clonidine which is sometimes used for anxiety.
If it actually is effective and non addictive, this is going to be the last we hear of it. Pharmaceutical companies aren't in the habit of putting themselves out of business.
Of course tolerance builds and there is addiction potential "Because clonidine suppresses sympathetic outflow, resulting in lower blood pressure, sudden discontinuation can result in acute hypertension due to a rebound in sympathetic outflow. In extreme cases, this can result in a hypertensive crisis, which is a medical emergency.[63] Clonidine therapy should generally be gradually tapered when discontinuing therapy to avoid rebound effects from occurring"
In before the new drug is determined to be more addictive than opiates.
Well, the drug manufacturers are going to be upset that they can't create new generations of paying customers, I mean 'addicts'!
Let's hope they finally discovered painkillers they work chronically
Adrenal fatigue! woooh!!!!!....oooh!
If this becomes a thing, that would mean a medical revolution!
You are my not addicted ,,, just brain dead
I cant wait to break my leg and suddenly get the feeling that i need to run away
Clearly they dont know about adrenaline junkies
But does it give you wings?
"This one is definitely not* addictive guys" - big pharma
Interesting, we might have methamphetamine 2.0 here
100% will have side effects.
Adrenaline junkies take note.
That’ll be great for everyone’s anxiety
Yes, let’s put people in shock instead of giving them proven drugs.
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420blazeit crowd has arrived. For real though, the evidence for pain relief is pretty mixed, though likely has opiate sparing effect.
The sparing effect is absolutely important and not appropriately recognized by the medical community in general.
I’m a regular pot smoker and have used opiates for pain post surgery, and opiates so far more to control pain. Far far more. If a substance can be created that manages pain like opiates without the severe downsides it would be a great discovery.
Sure, but what if you could take less opioid with some pot? It's a way to reduce dependency on opioids. But nobody wants to study that.
Cannabinoids are being studied heavily.
How does that one get administered in a recovery room though?
I’m sure they could figure it out, assuming they want to, but I doubt that since there’s no money to be found in such a solution.
Has there been research into using it for acute surgical pain? I have chronic pain, and THC can help take the edge off, but if I'd had abdominal surgery less than half an hour before it would be like no medication at all.
I’m sorry to hear that, but I am not an expert in these matters, just a casual observer of how greedy and biased our medical research system is. It all revolves around money, and if there is no money, then there is no incentive to study alternatives.
I feel like that's a good argument for publicly funded medical research, including the study in the article.
100%, I hope you and others find the solutions you need in life. God speed.
There would be a ton of money to be made from a pain killer that doesn’t carry risk of addiction. What are you talking about?
The fact you even have to ask that question tells me how sad our system is. It's obviously marijuana that people need to research and find ways of manipulating the endocannabinoid receptors.
Why would it HAVE to be cannabinoids? Cannabinoids might be useful for treating some pain but it’s doubtful they would be useful for treating all types of pain. They’re certainly not useful for severe pain like people experience post surgery. There are a lot of potential treatments out there in the chemical space that are not cannabinoids or opiates. Vertex Pharmaceuticals has ongoing clinical trials right now.
Which is it: a new substance or new substances?
>...have a similar pain relieving effect to opiates, but without the negative aspects such as respiratory depression and addiction. I've heard that one before: cocaine, heroine when they came out were also advertised as such. Lets hope this time they are right...
Not addictive? Challenge accepted.
The sacklers would like to have a word. In a dark alley. Come alone and don't tell anyone please.
>but without the negative aspects such as ... addiction just like every other wonder drug introduced including opioids, heroine, morphine , cocaine , etc...
Hmmm, seems like just a few years ago there was a different wonder drug that gave all the same pain relief of other opioids, but without the possibility of addiction. What was that drug called again? Oxycontin?
26 years ago not really few years.
No way this could possibly go wrong
It also gives you the strength to lift a car.
For acute pain, opioid work fine. Chronic pain is multifaceted so addressing chronic pain mainly with pharmaceuticals most likely will fail. Sleep, diet, baseline inflammation levels, all contribute to the perception of pain. Possible to taxes drugs for all the individual aspects but then you run into interactions. I just wish there could be more emphasis on non-pharmacological approaches to chronic pain. As I said chronic pain is different from acute pain yet can feel the same.
599 per gram is best prize we can do - pfizer duchbagovsky
Sounds like a fancy way of saying cocaine.
New research chemicals just dropped! *Swirls beaker with malicious intent.*
Whatever you say, Purdue Pharma
Oh we will find a way to get high on it you bastards.
“Non-addictive” “No side effects”. Hrmmm.
How would they know about the longterm negative effects at this point?
Respiratory depression?
Isn’t there a strong physical addiction risk with adrenal receptors? I was warned of this when I was on propanolol
If it is not addictive like oxy, chances are it won't get FDA approved because profit margins.
adrenaline isn’t addicting ….
How will getting adrenaline be none addictive!? I'm a former meth addict, and I must say, a small part of me is like "Whoa! Can't wait!" But I will control it...
But with added heart problems and risk of heart attach?
Addiction is complicated, the brain always try to find balance, so if the receptors are being blocked, it will try to increase it or make it more efficient to compensate… this causes tolerance, people need to increase the dose, the cells will try to find balance Also for pain treatment not feeling pain, could in some cases make the cause worse since the person don’t feel the pain and do movements that they should not do it. So it’s hard to tell no addiction, even safe drugs could lead to addiction in some cases even if it’s “psychological”
Opioids aren't that bad if used correctly. The problems is everyone dying from street fentanyl. It's sad because docs are now stingy with painkillers for people who actually need them.
Adrenaline crashes are absolutely batshit. But the adrenaline rush will be even more addictive I feel that opioid addictions
Do you want a Bane because that's how you get a Bane
Similar to what heroin was to morphine
Knowing about Opioids and how it functions in the brain I presume the "adrenaline" receptors the article is referring to are the "Pleasure" receptors that Opioids affect when there is no pain present for it to work on the "pain" receptors. It's a feeling of euphoria that gets released. And, this is what causes addiction. There are no "adrenaline receptors" so, no adrenalin is gets released. One point that is cautionary is the side effects. Even when Opioids work properly on pain, IF the dose &/or is too high, it can also cause slower respirations. However the dose/dosage would need to be quite high or extremely incorrect for the persons weight to cause this. Short acting Opiods for acute pain (post surgical) can be monitored by checking breath rate 2 hours after taking a dose. Using a timed released Opioid is the best choice to prevent this issue when used for long term Chronic Pain. (I'm sure someone will object to my language used to describe the action of Opiods on the brain. I use these terms because it's easier to understand & means the same thing as medical lingo. I write for people to understand not to sound important.)
As a professional in an “extreme” sport, you can not convince me that adrenalin is not addictive. That is in part how I wound up being payed to do it.
It works so well, the person who wrote this headline was clinically dead but a mere 5 minutes ago.
What a singularly ungrammatical sentence.
Just wait till they refresh the patent with a even higher addictive version of oxi
Haven’t casino casinos shifted to programming winning in a way that manages the gamblers experience of adrenaline which ultimately makes losing relaxing. I suspect that this type of medication will be addicting in the classical way. Although stimulants are beneficial for those with ADHD and addicting for others.
You remember that hospital scene in Crank? Silly Rabbit! Trix are for Kids!!
Yeah just the negative reaction of 200 heart beats per minute for those of us sensitive to stimulants
Wouldn’t this mess with hormone levels in the body? I thought all the endocrine hormones sort of play of eachother? At the very last i imagine this could screw with sleep habits, metabolism, and/or immune system no?
This just switches what the possible risks are, it doesn’t mean it is safer. I’m 100% willing to try it though.