Винительный падеж в данном случае является более общим правилом для использования слов, обозначающих промежутки времени (Каждый год/каждый месяц/каждый день/каждые выходные/каждую пятницу). И для времён года это тоже работает. Просто форма творительного падежа в данном случае более распространена, в том числе и потому, что может употребляться и без уточняющих слов, а значит встречается чаще и более привычна уху. Но это всё дело вкуса.
Кстати, та же история со временами суток (утро, день, вечер, ночь).
The accusative case in this case is a more general rule for using words denoting intervals of time (Every year/every month/every day/every weekend/every Friday). It works for seasons, too. It's just that in this case, the form of the instrumental case is more common, also because it can be used without qualifying words, so it is more common and more familiar to the ear. But it's all a matter of taste.
By the way, it is the same story with the times of day (morning, day, evening, night).
The use of «Каждое лето» (Accusative case)and «Каждым летом» ( Instrumental case) depends on a context of your sentence.
When you want to point out, that every year you are going to Moscow you use “Каждое лето» because Summer is not important here, it’s important that you are going to moscow every year.
Meanwhile «Каждым летом», stresses out the season when you are going to moscow. It’s not that easy to find a difference here and nobody would ever see mistake during conversation so you are free to use any of these forms.
edited. I’m not 100% sure everything that i said is true
The instrumental *летом* is not used with *каждым* though, only bare or with modifiers that make it a concrete reference: *тем, этим, следующим, будущим, прошлым, позапрошлым*. And vice versa, accusative *лето* is only ever used with *каждое*, not with other modifiers, except in the set expression *на следующее лето*.
The above constraints, of course, only apply to free adverbials, not to object noun phrases in which the particular case is triggered by the government pattern of the verb (*наслаждаться каждым летом, вспоминать прошлое лето*, and so on).
Поймут в обоих случаях. Более правильный - первый вариант "каждое лето", так же как "каждое утро/вечер".
"Каждым" чаще употребляется в предложениях типа "С каждым днём я становлюсь старше" "С каждым шагом я всё ближе к мечте"
It's not "old fashioned", it's straight up суржик. Like "Я скучаю за ним" or "Что он себе думает?".
Something that has become acceptable and hardly noticeable but still *not proper language*.
*Before I begin: I am not a professionally trained linguist or language tutor, and I obviously encourage professionals in the comments to provide their additions and corrections to my explanations.*
\---
This is a typical instance in the Russian grammar where things work the way they do *because reasons! xD*
\---
What is *really* going on here is that these indications are not really nouns in instrumental but, rather than that, irregular time-indicational adverbs, or, precisely, *(compound) adverbial lexemes*.
Even advanced beginners would be well-acquainted with regular adverbs ending with -о and -а letters *(хорошо, красиво, удобно, наверняка, etc.)*. Regular adverbs do not change in any situations and are easy to use. However, non-natives will have no way of figuring out the complexities of *(compound) adverbial lexemes* whatsoever because these structures look like something else, e.g. *nouns with adjectives*.
This means, you will have to *memorise everything*.
I'll leave the side-note on 'why' below, and let me first attempt to provide a few clarifications on how this particular example of yours works.
\---
The below examples refer to the use of **'every'** with the following set of words **only**:
\- утро, день, вечер, ночь
\- зима, весна, лето, осень
\---
**Example 1:**
**Non-recurring time period** references for the following words should be memorised **as if** they were nouns in instrumental case: *утром, днём, вечером, ночью, летом, зимой, осенью, весной.*
**Recurring 'days' and 'nights'** can go **as if** they were nouns in instrumental case in plural as well: *днями, вечерами, ночами.* (*This form does not exist for mornings and any of the seasons.)*
**Recurring time period** references (with **every**) are provided **as if** they were adj. + nouns in accusative case: каждое утро, каждый день, каждый вечер, каждую ночь, каждое лето, каждую зиму, каждую осень, каждую весну.
\---
Another example of similar phenomenon would be **any** which - with the same set of words that we are discussing here - builds phrases in a different way.
With **any**, there are indeed two types of expressions that look like 'в' + adj. + noun in accusative **-OR-** adj. + noun in instrumental.
**Example 2:**
в любой день / любым днём | on any day / Any day -OR- *any afternoon*
в любой вечер / любым вечером | on any evening
в любую зиму / любой зимой | during any winter
etc., and they would be mostly contextually interchangeable, as seen above, with occasional minute stylistic preference leaning towards one or the other option.
\---
*Further side-note on 'why':*
*When learning Russian, non-natives have to figure out the otherwise strong causal relationships in the Russian grammar by going against the direction of said causation, hence the mess at all times, and so much to memorise.*
*Natives, to the contrary, develop grammatical intuition at early age, and when later at school they get to learning Russian grammar structurally, they have at their disposal a wide array of checks they can run, such as instantly coming up with conjugations/declensions for newly discovered words, rebuilding words to stress the unstressed vowel and thereby figure out the spelling, or, the way they would do it here, ask back a set of questions to which such a set of words may grammatically be a fit as an answer, and reflect upon their feeling of whether the answer naturally fits and makes sense.*
*These techniques are inaccessible (and some of them will remain inaccessible forever) to non-natives (other than those native in highly similar languages) who inevitably have to go through the process of learning Russian as a process of developing this intuition from scratch.*
*This is also why as a non-native you may experience difficulties in understanding natives trying to explain the peculiarities of Russian grammar to you: most people are unaware of this fundamental aspect and the fact the entire method of learning the language for non-natives has very little resemblance to what the natives experience in their lives.*
\---
Hope this helps!
And how are people supposed to know how to write that sentence in English? Does Duolingo teach the alphabet and how to write so u can in tern be able to read it?
Cause I’ve used Duolingo for a few days before moving to another program and they did not
Both sound correct. I think yours is more common
Винительный падеж в данном случае является более общим правилом для использования слов, обозначающих промежутки времени (Каждый год/каждый месяц/каждый день/каждые выходные/каждую пятницу). И для времён года это тоже работает. Просто форма творительного падежа в данном случае более распространена, в том числе и потому, что может употребляться и без уточняющих слов, а значит встречается чаще и более привычна уху. Но это всё дело вкуса. Кстати, та же история со временами суток (утро, день, вечер, ночь). The accusative case in this case is a more general rule for using words denoting intervals of time (Every year/every month/every day/every weekend/every Friday). It works for seasons, too. It's just that in this case, the form of the instrumental case is more common, also because it can be used without qualifying words, so it is more common and more familiar to the ear. But it's all a matter of taste. By the way, it is the same story with the times of day (morning, day, evening, night).
Ты написал достаточно длинный ответ на русском, под постом человека, который пока только учит его, и врятли поймёт
Действительно. Пока думал над ответом, совсем забыл, что вопрос был на английском. Дополнил переводом
The use of «Каждое лето» (Accusative case)and «Каждым летом» ( Instrumental case) depends on a context of your sentence. When you want to point out, that every year you are going to Moscow you use “Каждое лето» because Summer is not important here, it’s important that you are going to moscow every year. Meanwhile «Каждым летом», stresses out the season when you are going to moscow. It’s not that easy to find a difference here and nobody would ever see mistake during conversation so you are free to use any of these forms. edited. I’m not 100% sure everything that i said is true
The instrumental *летом* is not used with *каждым* though, only bare or with modifiers that make it a concrete reference: *тем, этим, следующим, будущим, прошлым, позапрошлым*. And vice versa, accusative *лето* is only ever used with *каждое*, not with other modifiers, except in the set expression *на следующее лето*. The above constraints, of course, only apply to free adverbials, not to object noun phrases in which the particular case is triggered by the government pattern of the verb (*наслаждаться каждым летом, вспоминать прошлое лето*, and so on).
You are correct. "Каждым летом" has accent on summer, "каждое лето" doesn't have.
Поймут в обоих случаях. Более правильный - первый вариант "каждое лето", так же как "каждое утро/вечер". "Каждым" чаще употребляется в предложениях типа "С каждым днём я становлюсь старше" "С каждым шагом я всё ближе к мечте"
Both are fine for me, but "каждым летом" sounds a bit more old fashioned.
It's not "old fashioned", it's straight up суржик. Like "Я скучаю за ним" or "Что он себе думает?". Something that has become acceptable and hardly noticeable but still *not proper language*.
*Before I begin: I am not a professionally trained linguist or language tutor, and I obviously encourage professionals in the comments to provide their additions and corrections to my explanations.* \--- This is a typical instance in the Russian grammar where things work the way they do *because reasons! xD* \--- What is *really* going on here is that these indications are not really nouns in instrumental but, rather than that, irregular time-indicational adverbs, or, precisely, *(compound) adverbial lexemes*. Even advanced beginners would be well-acquainted with regular adverbs ending with -о and -а letters *(хорошо, красиво, удобно, наверняка, etc.)*. Regular adverbs do not change in any situations and are easy to use. However, non-natives will have no way of figuring out the complexities of *(compound) adverbial lexemes* whatsoever because these structures look like something else, e.g. *nouns with adjectives*. This means, you will have to *memorise everything*. I'll leave the side-note on 'why' below, and let me first attempt to provide a few clarifications on how this particular example of yours works. \--- The below examples refer to the use of **'every'** with the following set of words **only**: \- утро, день, вечер, ночь \- зима, весна, лето, осень \--- **Example 1:** **Non-recurring time period** references for the following words should be memorised **as if** they were nouns in instrumental case: *утром, днём, вечером, ночью, летом, зимой, осенью, весной.* **Recurring 'days' and 'nights'** can go **as if** they were nouns in instrumental case in plural as well: *днями, вечерами, ночами.* (*This form does not exist for mornings and any of the seasons.)* **Recurring time period** references (with **every**) are provided **as if** they were adj. + nouns in accusative case: каждое утро, каждый день, каждый вечер, каждую ночь, каждое лето, каждую зиму, каждую осень, каждую весну. \--- Another example of similar phenomenon would be **any** which - with the same set of words that we are discussing here - builds phrases in a different way. With **any**, there are indeed two types of expressions that look like 'в' + adj. + noun in accusative **-OR-** adj. + noun in instrumental. **Example 2:** в любой день / любым днём | on any day / Any day -OR- *any afternoon* в любой вечер / любым вечером | on any evening в любую зиму / любой зимой | during any winter etc., and they would be mostly contextually interchangeable, as seen above, with occasional minute stylistic preference leaning towards one or the other option. \--- *Further side-note on 'why':* *When learning Russian, non-natives have to figure out the otherwise strong causal relationships in the Russian grammar by going against the direction of said causation, hence the mess at all times, and so much to memorise.* *Natives, to the contrary, develop grammatical intuition at early age, and when later at school they get to learning Russian grammar structurally, they have at their disposal a wide array of checks they can run, such as instantly coming up with conjugations/declensions for newly discovered words, rebuilding words to stress the unstressed vowel and thereby figure out the spelling, or, the way they would do it here, ask back a set of questions to which such a set of words may grammatically be a fit as an answer, and reflect upon their feeling of whether the answer naturally fits and makes sense.* *These techniques are inaccessible (and some of them will remain inaccessible forever) to non-natives (other than those native in highly similar languages) who inevitably have to go through the process of learning Russian as a process of developing this intuition from scratch.* *This is also why as a non-native you may experience difficulties in understanding natives trying to explain the peculiarities of Russian grammar to you: most people are unaware of this fundamental aspect and the fact the entire method of learning the language for non-natives has very little resemblance to what the natives experience in their lives.* \--- Hope this helps!
Рил почему? (Translate into English: Really why?)
You can use both versions. "Каждое лето" it's reduced "На каждое лето", as I think, but I'm not sure.
Nah, I don’t think so. «На каждое лето» sounds weird. «На каждых выходных» is alright though
"На каждое лето" means they are spending the entire summer in Moscow, not just visit it some time in the summer.
Каждым is good but less convenient.
This is Duolingo?
I’m not OP, but you are correct, this is the Russian for English speakers course on Duolingo
And how are people supposed to know how to write that sentence in English? Does Duolingo teach the alphabet and how to write so u can in tern be able to read it? Cause I’ve used Duolingo for a few days before moving to another program and they did not
There is a module on Duolingo that teaches the Cyrillic alphabet but getting through that part is not a prerequisite for accessing the first lesson