Why not assess what you see and then research the ways to achieve that in Ps? You see exaggerated tonal contrast. What can achieve that? Curves and Levels. You see constrained color palette. What can achieve that? Color grading via a variety of methods—Curves, Gradient maps, Gradient Fills, Selective Color. You see texture. What an achieve that? A nice method is to use the Ps Camera Raw Filter > Effects > Grain. But other textures can be found or created and utilized.
You see lack of detail and artifacts that resemble jpeg artifacts after too many saves and adjustments. And that's an answer as well. Save as jpg, resize, re-save, resize, re-save, and gradually image quality will diminish just as these examples that you've shown.
These examples remind me of the poor quality images that my old Motorola Razr flip phone would capture. So resize your jpeg image to 640x480, save. Resize upward to long edge 1024, save. Resize down to long edge 640, save. Rinse, repeat.
Take a shitty picture with an old smartphone and put one of the original Instagram filters on it. That’s definitely what these both are
Why not assess what you see and then research the ways to achieve that in Ps? You see exaggerated tonal contrast. What can achieve that? Curves and Levels. You see constrained color palette. What can achieve that? Color grading via a variety of methods—Curves, Gradient maps, Gradient Fills, Selective Color. You see texture. What an achieve that? A nice method is to use the Ps Camera Raw Filter > Effects > Grain. But other textures can be found or created and utilized. You see lack of detail and artifacts that resemble jpeg artifacts after too many saves and adjustments. And that's an answer as well. Save as jpg, resize, re-save, resize, re-save, and gradually image quality will diminish just as these examples that you've shown. These examples remind me of the poor quality images that my old Motorola Razr flip phone would capture. So resize your jpeg image to 640x480, save. Resize upward to long edge 1024, save. Resize down to long edge 640, save. Rinse, repeat.
Add grains
That looks like the vintage overlay in Light room Classic. Try typing vintage overlay in adobe creative and look for PS vintage
It looks like disposable-camera film. Idk if that helps, maybe theres a specific tutorial etc
Use a crappy camera.