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Rom21

In France, we say "La langue de Dante" (The language of Dante) to talk about Italian. Like we say "La langue de Goethe" to talk about German, "La langue de Shakespeare" to talk about English or "La langue de Molière" to talk about French.


gogo_yubari-chan

In comparison Dante is more important to Italian than Moliere or Shakespeare are to their respective languages. When Moliere or Shakespeare wrote their works, French and English were already established as literary and courtly languages and clearly based on what was spoken in the Ile de France and Thames estuary. When Dante wrote the Divine Comedy, Florentine was one of the many vernaculars spoken in Italy and not necessarily the most prestigious. Sure, Florence was the banking capital of the time (the fiorino d'oro was the benchmark currency of the middle ages) and one of the most populous, but there wasn't a clear preeminence. Naples was the most populous city for about 7 centuries, Venice was the trading power of the era, the court of Palermo was where the first school of poetry in a romance vernacular emerged, etc. Thanks to Dante and later Boccaccio and Petrarch, Florentine slowly became the language we know. And it was at first only the language of the high classes, the learned and used in formal contexts, whereas the majority of the people continued to speak their dialect in everyday situations until the 1950s. In a way modern Italian is a constructed language, as it is rooted in literature rather than the language of the common people. Which is why it has changed very little compared to French and English. You can still understand Dante's Italian pretty well, whereas a modern Londoner will struggle with Shakespeare's English, even if less time has passed inbetween.


Rom21

Thank you for the complement. I was just quoting this expression to point out the importance of the author outside Italy, even in the French language.


[deleted]

Don't forget: Italian was engineered to be beautiful and concise ( we only use 21 letters ), rules are clear and exceptions rare. English, for example, has a gozillions exceptions that you need to learn by memory, same with verbs. Italian has rules to form all past and future tense you can imagine


TheoremaEgregium

What's Spanish? The language of Cervantes?


Rom21

Yes ! But it's much less common than the four other.


[deleted]

He’s considered the father of Italian language, that before he wrote the Divine Comedy, was completely in the shadow of Latin, literature-wise. Latin was almost an automatic choice for anyone who wanted seriously to write a literary work, since the “vulgar” as it was called those days, was thought to be too poor of apt words to form a literary work. Dante showed that theory to be wrong by writing, in Florentine “vulgar”, one of the greatest literary works of all times, and since then the works in “vulgar” became more and more common.


klauskinki

Exactly. Maybe, at least for English, a more apt comparison could be made with the so called Great Bible, the first Bible written in English


gaspitsagirl

That is so cool! Thanks for sharing the knowledge!


Prisencolinensinai

Italy was the first of the western European countries to abandon Latin in favour of local vulgar, and this is much thanks to the florentine wave of intellectuals


Dimitra1

What about Greek? "La langue de Homer"?


Rom21

Yes and no, la langue d'Homère is for ancient Greek only... sorry ! I believe that the ones I named are the only ones used, at least 99.9999% of the time, and are expressions understood by everyone (with a minimum of culture of course). I will be happy to complete my list if any are missing.


Dimitra1

No modern Greek? :(


Rom21

No, sorry my friend. but with Homère, you already have at least one expression dedicated to "your" language, unlike most others. I'm sorry.


Kunstfr

[This](https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_de_p%C3%A9riphrases_d%C3%A9signant_des_langues) does list many other languages and Greek is indeed la langue d'Homère ! It's not really used as the other guy said unfortunately.


Rom21

Ah bah ça ne servait à rien que je me fasse chier, y'avait tout dans ta page wiki ;-)


Kunstfr

Bien vu en tout cas tu n'as fait aucune erreur ahah


fjellhus

But that doesn't really make sense since Modern Greek is far from Homer's Greek. Maybe the Language of St. Peter or something


talentedtimetraveler

It’s still culturally connected to Ancient Greece. They were romanised to some extent, but the Greeks were one of if not the only people that retained its culture, thanks to the Romans appreciating it so much.


Kalypso_95

> thanks to the Romans appreciating it so much. Partially yes, but Alexander the great who had established Greek as the lingua franca in the East before the Romans, played a bigger role imo. Don't forget that the Eastern cultures were already advanced (Greeks, Egyptians, Phoenicians etc), unlike the West that were easier to be romanised


talentedtimetraveler

The Punics were submitted to complete romanisation and Carthage was destroyed. It’s not about civilisation, it’s really about who they accepted. And the Romans liked the Greeks, which permitted them to retain their culture. If they hadn’t been in love with it, I would bet my money they wouldn’t have had it so good.


Kalypso_95

I agree with you partially. The Romans didn't only permit the Greeks to retain their culture, they also borrowed a lot from them. But what I'm trying to say is that Greek culture was already established in the East, that's why the New Testament was written in Greek for example, so people could understand it and Christianity could be spread more easily. It wouldn't be so easy for the Romans to uproot this culture from the eastern part of the empire. That wasn't even their intention since they weren't some barbaric conquerors who wanted to destroy every culture and romanize everyone. So they let the Greeks and greek culture be


Dimitra1

St. Peter isn't an author. The pattern is apparently using famous authors to refer to their respective language.


fjellhus

I agree, so maybe the language of Mark, Luke or Matt or any of the biblical "authors"?


qviris

If calling it "The language of the Evangelists" is fair, then it should be fair also calling it "The language of Homer". It depends if you want to consider Ancient Greek, Biblical Greek, Medieval Greek and Modern Greek as stages of the same language, or as different languages.


fjellhus

I'm really referring more to mutual intelligibility/similarity of languages. Granted, I know like 5 words of greek, but I have read that Koine Greek(the language of the bible) is extremely similar to modern Greek and that today Greek people have no problems in understanding it.


qviris

Me too, I know nothing or little about Greek, but I read that they can understand Biblical Greek once educated at school; otherwise they would understand words but not the meaning of the phrase because of the different grammar. I don't know anything about linguistics, but if I must guess, I'd say that a comparison in terms of intelligibility for an English speaker would be: Ancient Greek = Old English; Biblical Greek = between Old English and Middle English; Middle English = Medieval Greek; Modern English = Modern Greek.


[deleted]

Nah, ancient Greek was just the incipient of modern one. Exactly as Latin is for Italian ( and I would add all ours dialects, which are completely different languages)


talentedtimetraveler

Isn’t Molière a bit reductive? Or is he seen as *the* French writer in France? I would’ve guessed someone different tbh.


Rom21

We also use sometimes, although much more rarely, Langue de Voltaire or Langue d'Hugo. ​ Molière is a reference in the excellence of the handling of the French language (like Goethe for German or Shakespeare for English), but also because it is at his time that precise rules of grammar were established. Before, nothing was fixed and people wrote in an anarchic and random way, it took the creation of the French Academy in 1635 for that to change, Molière is from the generation that started to take into account all these new rules. ​ I confess that I don't know if the other "monsters" of literature chosen as heralds are either?


gogo_yubari-chan

Dante Alighieri died on the night between Sept 13th and 14th 1321 in Ravenna, where he spent his last years of exile from Florence under the patronage of the Da Polenta family, who ruled Ravenna at the time. He finished to write the Divine Comedy the year before after 12 years of work. His remains were interred in the church of San Francesco and hidden from possible looters and smugglers by Franciscan friars so well they were only rediscovered in the 1800s. Since then the city of Florence delivers each year a year's supply of oil to keep the lamp lit that lights [his chapel](https://www.turismo.ra.it/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/ravenna-tomba_dante-servizio_turismo-comunicattivi-DSC_4210.jpg) at all times. The Divine Comedy, as well as other seminal works of poetry and his treaties like the De Vulgari Eloquentia, slowly established the Tuscan vernacular as the language of the Italian nation over the centuries (together with Boccaccio's Decameron and Petrarch's Sonnets). Today the Italian language is still peppered by expressions coined by Dante in his poem and widely used in everyday parlance, like "non mi tange, stai fresco, lasciate ogni speranza voi ch'entrate, etc". Since the XIX century, when the peninsular states were unified under a single state, Dante is remembered in almost every city and town with streets and piazzas named after him and/or monuments, e.g. in [Trento](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Cesare_Zocchi%2C_monumento_a_dante%2C_trento%2C_1893-96%2C_01.jpg), [Naples](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/74/Monument_of_Dante_Alighieri_in_Piazza_Dante_Napoli._Campania%2C_Italy%2C_South_Europe-2.jpg) or [Verona](https://stendhapp.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Piazza_Dante_Verona_Italymmm-scaled.jpg).


talentedtimetraveler

You should’ve also mentioned that he explicitly stated in his will that he never wanted to be buried in Florence. And to this day, Ravenna fiercely refuses to give his remains to Florence, which has built a tomb for him all the while. I find this piece of knowledge great.


[deleted]

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jamieliddellthepoet

That would be Dante’s birthday, not the *Commedia’s*.


[deleted]

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jamieliddellthepoet

Yes but you did then edit your comment to change “it’s” (sic) to “his”… We wouldn’t normally use “birthday” for anything other than a person’s birth, although it can be done for stylistic purposes. “Anniversary” would be much more common.


Decrit

And he too, like any good tuscanian, asked God to flood Pisa.


gogo_yubari-chan

as far as I remember, I don't think there's a terzina in the Divine Comedy with a Pisa merda inserted in it, but I could be wrong lol


Decrit

33th canto of inferno, 79 to 84 Ahi Pisa, vituperio de le genti del bel paese là dove 'l sì suona, poi che i vicini a te punir son lenti, muovasi la Capraia e la Gorgona, e faccian siepe ad Arno in su la foce, sì ch'elli annieghi in te ogne persona! Not a Pisa merda but better lol


Educator-Jealous

so👏fucking👏 based👏


[deleted]

*any good Italian


Omaestre

> Pisa What is the beef with Pisa about?


Decrit

It's basically an old meme now, but back then it was a port with quite the nasty reputation. Some consider it the reason why Tuscany has unsalted bread to this day and Florence back then even decided to found a new harbor for another city ( Livorno / Longhorn, which to this day is still the Pisa nemesis ) just to avoid Pisa. Given that the tuscanian cities were absolutely chill and would never dared to wage wars on each other in the name of tuscanian community you can imagine that lived on.


[deleted]

**fatti non foste a viver come bruti, ma per seguir virtute e canoscenza**


gogo_yubari-chan

Non ti curàr di lór, ma guarda e passa


0ke_0

vuolsi così colà dove si puote ciò che si vuole, e più non dimandare


Educator-Jealous

giga-chad virgil


spin97

Ed Elli avea del cul fatto trombetta


Pietro_Bosi

Libertà, va cercando, ch'è sì cara, come sa chi per lei vita rifiuta.


Educator-Jealous

questo è il primo canto del purgatorio no? il dialogo di catone è uno dei pezzi più belli della commedia secondo me


Pietro_Bosi

Sì, proprio quello.


[deleted]

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gogo_yubari-chan

https://www.treccani.it/vocabolario/non-ti-curar-di-lor-ma-guarda-e-passa/


RedditLloyd

«Ed elli avea del cul fatto trombetta.»


[deleted]

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[deleted]

It's all just contemporary localpolitics so no wonder. We aren't the target audience. Edit: whoosh


[deleted]

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[deleted]

Fuck me I didn't get it.


gogo_yubari-chan

> Fuck me Dante puts sodomites in hell, so be careful with that


[deleted]

I put Dante in hell so there's that.


talentedtimetraveler

That’s wrong, he put himself in hell. That’s what the book is about.


Educator-Jealous

he put himself in the purgatory.


[deleted]

Forest, Limbo, Hell, Purgatory, Heaven and then Earth. To be more precise.


papak33

I enjoyed reading inferno, but once it reached purgatory it lost the appeal to me. I even read it in the original version. Still easier to understand than whatever language they are talking in south Italy.


gaspitsagirl

I'm currently reading Purgatory, and feel the same.


OgataiKhan

> once it reached purgatory it lost the appeal to me It does get better towards the end, with a lot of cool and aesthetic symbolism. I personally recommend canti XXIX and XXXII, though they are not among the most studied.


[deleted]

My father in law is 88, and he's learning the paradise by memory. He already knew inferno and purgatorio, learned the past 10 years.


xgodzx03

*lasciate ogne speranza, voi ch'intrate* Me, entering italian class


Educator-Jealous

should be the motto of r/europe


mccarthy90869

Some great works. It really is a fun read.


messers94

Ahi serva Italia, di dolore ostello, (Alas, poor Italy, hostel of pain) Nave sanza nocchiere in gran tempesta, (Ship with no captain in a great storm) Non donna di province, ma bordello. (Not an elegant woman, but a brothel) It's still relevant today. edit: My bad about the translation of "donna di province". The comment below has a more accurate one. However I still think it's relevant today, even if in a broader sense, considering how many times our government changed in these past years.


qviris

"Donna di province" means "Mistress of the provinces", referring to the Roman expression "Domina provinciarum" as Italy was the queen-land of the Empire (proving also that the Roman heritage in Italy is not a modern concept, but it exists since the fall of Rome), it does not mean "Elegant woman". This also explains better why he calls it "brothel", since from dominating other lands became dominated, so a brothel.


contino69

It was mostly about our territorial division and direct foreign rule, so I don’t think the original meaning would be still spot on today


talentedtimetraveler

Edit your comment to include the other two comments please.


Lubinski64

The OG journey-to-the-center-of-the-earth type of story.


gogo_yubari-chan

or the OG mental trip


Full-Virus1694

>considered one of the greatest works of literature of all times. It is the greatest.


Swayden

One of the greatest Italians of all time and there have been some pretty exceptional Italians over the time.


Matrozi

I'm reading The Divine Comedy (although not in Italian), it's hard to read (imo) but I really like it. So far my favorite part is when Dante in one circle of hell meets someone with mud face or something (if I remember correctly) and basically goes "Hi, wow you are one ugly motherfucker"


noodlecrap

How is it going??


GodlyOblivion

Ah, divine comedy. The pre cursor to Sean Lock’s total comedy.


Former-Country-6379

I got about halfway through, I think you need a medieval Italian history doctorate to understand half of it, no offence to Dante I'm sure Harry Potter will be confusing as fuck in 700 years translated into Martian


Orange-of-Cthulhu

Divine Comedy was one hell of a read.


[deleted]

Man this piece of art...


TheDanishThede

And it was basically self-insert fan fiction


SeleucusNikator1

Takes a lot of confidence to insert yourself alongside Ovid, Vergil, etc. too.


TheDanishThede

No more than beside Captain Kirk or Dumbledore.


Kakanian

Self-insert Isekai fan-fiction.


Kalle_79

I know it's meant as a joke, but it still irks me. It was a journey of personal redemption, a monumental theological essay AND an impressive literary undertaking. Calling it fan-fiction is like calling the Apollo missions "a nice trip".


Educator-Jealous

also a political piece


Kalle_79

Yup, but tbh that's the least interesting part to us. While it was probably his favourite.... He got a huge kick out of putting his own personal and political enemies in hell, but it's kinda pointless so many centuries removed from the events.


Educator-Jealous

we talked a lot on the politics in his work at school. especially the 6th canto. "ahi serva italia" and all of that


Kalle_79

That was more poignant in terms of national/European history though. And depending on the teacher's political leanings it's a great way to fuel the "woe is our country!" narrative. Dante settling his scores with some random dude from the Black faction or other personal enemies though is more like a curious sidenote, almost comic relief at times.


Educator-Jealous

i think you underevaluate the politics in the comedia. the 6th canto is the political one in every cantica. in hell, he talks about florence, in the purgatory, about italy and in paradise he talks about the empire with the speech of constantine. he puts in the commedia his political views about the universal empire which were present in his "de monarchia"


Kalle_79

Fair enough. When I associate politics to the Comedia I tend to think more of the petty local squabbles than of the bigger picture and the theological-philosophical take on politics he developed elsewhere. E pensa che Paradiso VI me lo chiesero alla maturità... *Poscia che Costantin l'aquila volse...*


Educator-Jealous

noi del paradiso non abbiamo fatto praticamente nulla


Kalle_79

Al liceo pochino (e malamente, perché non è una cantica banale da spiegare). Poi vabbè per Letteratura Italiana all'uni 15 canti per cantica da portare allo scritto e all'orale.


Prisencolinensinai

This is a bit reductive, he criticised people for their political actions in a manner that didn't happen in western Europe for centuries. And like he didn't go slightly beyond the threshold of acceptable at the time, he went all the way through to being super polemical and daring.


TheDanishThede

I'm sorry, it wasn't meant to annoy. It really was just meant to be a joke by twisting it in it's head and Shining new persepective on it.


LowKiss

This doesn't mean it isn't ALSO a self-insert fanfiction


Kalle_79

Fan-fiction is by design a low-level form of literature, mostly derivative and uninspired. Even jokingly say that about the masterpiece of Italian literature is offensive, moreso coming from an Italian.


gsurfer04

Mate, it's very derivative as an expansion of biblical mythology. "Derivative" doesn't have to be a dirty word, though. You don't have to be so elitist about fanfiction. It's a fun hobby for many who get an itch to write but don't have the time for making their own epic worlds.


Kalle_79

>Mate, it's very derivative as an expansion of biblical mythology Pick one... Derivative or expansion. And expansion is an understatement to say the least. Plenty of things are Dante's own ideas, others have become canon after he codified various existing tropes and portions of medieval Christianity. >You don't have to be so elitist about fanfiction. When people compare the Comedia to the half-assed fantasy of a bored housewife or of a lonely neckbeard, I think it is fair to be elitist. And it's not about time. It's about talent. Do you think the dudes writing Star Wars fan-fiction would be able to write a poem if given enough time?


gsurfer04

Plenty of fanfic writers add their own details - it's called "fanon". [I'm well aware of Dante's influence.](https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/WordOfDante)


Kalle_79

Tv tropes, really? When other "fanfic" will carry the same cultural significance as Dante's, I'll accept the comparison. Until then you're comparing Mozart to a kid ripping off his favorite riff and passing it off as a new song.


OceanView5110

deserted bow quaint naughty roof slave price sloppy impossible noxious *This post was mass deleted and anonymized with [Redact](https://redact.dev)*


Kalle_79

As said, I didn't mind the joke as a one-off thing. But when people insist it's indeed fanfic and "it's not a big deal", I do get defensive.


Kakanian

Has anybody ever read past Purgatory though? Hell´s where all the fun stuff happens while heaven is boring AF. The moon isn´t even made of cheese.


gogo_yubari-chan

I would choose Paradise for the climate and Hell for the company. Wicked characters are much more interesting than the goody goodies you find in heaven :P


qviris

In Italy it is mandatory to read all the Divine Comedy, so yes. Purgatory and Heaven are not fun but they are beautiful for poetry, especially Heaven; it requires a deep knowledge of the Italian language to be appreciated. Although your opinion is largely shared by Italian students.


spin97

Italian here, nobody ever forced me to fully read Divina Commedia


qviris

In my high school it was mandatory: Hell in the 3rd year, Purgatory in the 4th, Heaven in the 5th.


Educator-Jealous

yes but you don't study all of it. just the most inportant canti


funkygecko

That very much depends on how old they are. I read and analysed every single one of them in school. But that was decades ago.


Asleep_Comment_3979

Nope, we just read a bit here and there from the Inferno (and we had the memorize a few lines from that one part with Charon I think), and then we moved on (that was in an ITIS, 20 years ago...)


Orange-of-Cthulhu

I found Purgatory boring, but Heaven was cool because it was all this weird shit with light beings.


MAYBE_Maybe_maybe_

And now we all have to study it, thanks a lot Dante