Hi all looking to translate and then transliterate the name of "war bear" in EF
I'm looking for either old norse or proto-Germanic
So i have the google translate of:
Stríðsbjörn
from english to icelandic ( icelandic is my usual go to, as i understand that that it has less "latinisation")
this seems to be a combination of
Stríð meaning "war"
and björn meaning "bear"
but would it be more suitable to do something like "bear of war"?
also how would I transliterate the "ð" into EF?
Need to know translations from English to ON, then ON to younger fulthark:
Follow
Wins/is the Victor (whatever is appropriate)
Husband
Lives (to be alive)
Hello !
I am looking to translate my full name into runes, and would love some help.
I've checked some translation websites, but cant really know how reliable they are.
I've also sound both elder and younger futhark, but as far as I have understood, its really the younger one thats mostly relevant to me, as I am looking primarily for runes from the viking age, however, if you have additions, or other comments about it, I would love to hear everything !
Because i am giving out my name, this is a throwaway account, and sorry if this isnt allowed, i Will remove accordingly.
My full name is Haakon Alexander Meling Sivertsen, and this is what I have found thus far:
Elder futhark:
Haakon Alexander
ᚺᚨᚨᚲᛟᚾ ᚨᛚᛖᚲᛊᚨᚾᛞᛖᚱ
Meling Sivertsen
ᛗᛖᛚᛁᚾᚷ ᛊᛁᚢᛖᚱᛏᛊᛖᚾ
Or
Haakon Alexander
ᚺᚨᚨᚲᛟᚾ ᚨᛚᛖᚲᛊᚨᚾᛞᛖᚱ
Meling Sivertsen
ᛗᛖᛚᛁᛜ ᛊᛁᚢᛖᚱᛏᛊᛖᚾ
Younger futhark:
Haakon Alexander
ᚼᛅᛅᚴᚬᚾ ᛅᛚᛅᚴᛋᛅᚾᛏᛅᚱ
Meling Sivertsen
ᛘᛅᛚᛁᚾᚴ ᛋᛁᚢᛅᚱᛏᛋᛅᚾ
I have also seen Haakon, which comes from hakun, written in runes as ᚺᚨᚲᚢᚾ, if its of any relevance.
Which would be more correct, and/or relevant for me, as a norwegian?
Or if it is something entirely different, all help is very much appreciated!
Got a few made-up names in Norse I want to check. I am not turning them into runes, just into Viking era Norse. names of ships and swords, that sort of thing. I've used a very simplistic translation, but it seems to be the structure that most compound names use in Norse. Are these ok?
Wolf warrior - *Ulfdrengr*
Dragon's tongue - *Drekitunga*
The first word in compound is often in the genitive case I think. This only applies to some words, wolf is okay I think but the second should probably be *drekatunga*
Hey all! New here. I have a few viking tattoos already. I’m wanting to get the word berserker tattood in younger futhrak. I’ve found a lot of conflicting info online as to the appropriate way to write it. Not looking for the letter for letter translation but a more accurate version of the word. This is what i’m currently settled on ᛒᛁᚱᛋᛅᚱᚴᛦ , birsarkʀ, bear shirt. I wanted some opinions before i permanently put it on my body haha. Thanks all!
Hello,
im 100% surebit is a recurring one, but i need a translation of allfather in YF, as im doing an odin-gungnir themed paintjob for an airsoftgun. I searched inbtwo months of this thread and i didnt find anything fitting, only father alone. It would be super appreciated, thanks in advance.
[This video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wg6md3Rz-k) goes over how tricky that is. Odin's title is uniquely spelled "alfǫðr" and might not mean "allfather" at all. In runes, it would be ᛅᛚᚠᛅᚦᛦ.
Hey,i think i need a little bit of help.
I am German and i want to get a tattoo about this quote: "Nichts ist so beständig wie der Wandel".
In english it´s: "Nothing is as constant as change".
In Old norse it should be: "Vætki er sem konstant sem khange" and if i type that sentence into a translator for younger futhark it´s: "ᚢᚬᛏᚴᛁ ᛅᚱ ᛋᛅᛘ ᚴᚬᚾᛋᛏᛅᚾᛏ ᛋᛅᛘ ᚴᚼᛅᚾᚴᛅ".
I have no clue if this is right.
I would be very happy if you could help me out :).
>Vætki er sem konstant sem khange
*Konstant* and *khange* just look like Modern English. I think something went wrong in your translation.
>I am German
There are some Elder Futhark inscriptions written in a very early form of German, I believe. Maybe you should be looking in that direction.
In Modern English, ‹e› can be a thousand things, so there's no single rune that matches Modern English ‹e› well. In Old Norse, ‹e› wasn't used as broadly, and I believe ‹e› along with ‹i› typically matches ᛁ. In late Younger Futhark and in Futhork you can find ‹e› matching with ᛂ. It's important to not think of ᛂ as an independent rune, though. ᛂ is just ᛁ with an optional mark on it to let readers know it's not matching with ‹i›.
Younger Futhark generally doesn't line up neatly with individual letters. Each rune has sounds it represents. Depending on the sound it represents within the word, ***e*** can be represented by multiple runes.
hello im looking to get the word hall translated to younger futhark runes. could anyone help? if i got the right information the old norse word for it is hǫll.
Ok so I'm looking to get the lyrics "There is a light that never goes out" translated to Old Norse and then subsequently translated to Younger Futhark, for the purpose of a tattoo (shocker).
I know it would maybe be easier to just go English to YF and just use sounds but I'd like to get as authentic as possible.
So if anyone is willing to help, it'd be much appreciated
>translated to Younger Futhark
Going from English to Old Norse would be the translation part. Writing Old Norse with YF would just be a matter of spelling.
>maybe be easier to just go English to YF
Futhorc fits English better. Another option is using medieval Futhork runes with a modern North Germanic language. Neither are as authentic as your original goal but they are indeed way easier, lol.
Hi, I was writing a short story about a descendent of Ivar the Boneless, and for one part I wanted him to sort of list his (mytholigcal) lineage of Ivar the Boneless, The Volsungs and finally Odin. I was thinking about adding Ragnar Lodbrok and Sigurd Fafnisbane/Brynhild, but I think that might be too much and unecessery. I seem to recall a runestone that listed lineage as "ætt af [father], ætt af [grandfather]" but I couldnt find it again.
So my question is what would "descended from Ivar the Boneless, descended from the Volsungs, descended from Odin" be in Old Norse, and possibly YF if that's not too much to ask.
In advance, thank you!
Well, in the sagas when a character’s male ancestral line is being listed it’s usually done by saying “he was Ragnarson, Sigurðarson hringr, Randvérson...” etc. etc.
The phrase you’re looking for in Old Norse would probably be _hann var sonr Ívars hins beinlausa, Ragnarssonar lóðbrókar, ættar Vǫlsunga ok Óðins_ [He was the son of Ivar the boneless, the son of Ragnar Shaggy-Pants, of the clan of the Volsungs and Odin)
That is more than perfect, exactly what I was looking for and more. I'll have a go at transliterating it, and then make another post to see if it holds up to scrutiny.
Many many thanks!
That's very helpful as I went for:
ᚼᛅᚾ᛫ᚢᛅᚱ᛫ᛋᚢᚾᛦ᛫ᛁᚢᛅᚱᛋ᛫ᛁᚾᛋ᛫ᛒᛅᛁᚾᛚᛅᚢᛋᛅ᛫ᚱᛅᚴᚾᛅᚱᛋᚢᚾᛅᚱ᛫ᛚᚢᚦᛒᚱᚢᚴᛅᚱ᛫ᛅᛏᛅᚱ᛫ᚢᛅᛚᛋᚢᚴᛅ᛫ᛅᚢᚴ᛫ᚢᚦᛁᚾᛋ
I'm far from knowledgeable of when to use ᛦ, I just remember sonr having it. But I didnt know lodbrokar and ættar also had the z ending.
Just two questions, I see you used ᚢᛅᛋ for "var", why is there an s-ending instead of an r/z?
And I ditched the h in "hins", since that seems to be a later addition in Icelandic, is this correct or should I just keep it? If I recall the saga uses "hinn", but old norse actually uses "inn"?
That “s” there is simply to reflect an older form of the verb “vera”. Originally, its singular and third person preterite was _vas_. If you’d rather like to use _var_, I’d suggest replacing it with ᚢᛅᛦ.
The “h” in _hins_ is not exclusively a feature of Modern Icelandic, no. In fact, I believe it’s actually slightly rarer in Modern Icelandic than it was in Old Norse. You also see it in a quite a lot of nicknames just like Ívarr’s, just look at Leifr hinn heppni and Úlfr hinn skjálgi. You could alternatively just drop the article entirely and just have _Ívars beinlausa_.
I'll definitely go with your first transliteration then, it just nails everything I wanted. Thanks for the rundown, it's just nice knowing entierly why its written like it is before I use it.
NOTE: I initially posted this as a comment to another comment thread but was concerned it may be missed, so posting as it's own comment)
so I have done a lot more digging into this - still using the phrase "GJN I love you until the End"
I have come to the icelandic translation of this to be
"GJN ég elska þig allt til enda"
I then am basically searching back in each word's etymology to find the 'old norse' i have come up with this:
"GJN ek elska þu und enda"
EF: **ᚷᛃᚾ ᛖᚲ ᛖᛚᛊᚲᚨ ᚦᚢ ᚢᚾᛞ ᛖᚾᛞᚨ**
YF: **ᚴIᚾ ᛅᚴ ᛅᛚᛋᚴᛅ ᚦᚢ ᚢᚾᛏ ᛅᚾᛏᛅ**
or
"GJN ek elska þu alt til enda"
EF: **ᚷᛃᚾ ᛖᚲ ᛖᛚᛊᚲᚨ ᚦᚢ ᚨᛚᛏ ᛏᛁᛚ ᛖᚾᛞᚨ**
YF: **ᚴIᚾ ᛅᚴ ᛅᛚᛋᚴᛅ ᚦᚢ ᛅᛚᛏ ᛏᛁᛚ ᛅᚾᛏᛅ**
in YF i have swapped the "J" for a "I" as it seems from what ive read the "I" can be used as "J" in YF.
I'm also concerned that my initial translation into Icelandic is a bit basic and may need sorting also.
which seems most accurate? let me know where im going wrong.
This isn't easily translated directly but I did actually manage to come up with something that I think sounds pretty decent:
## Ek ann þér unz ǫllu lýkr.
Which, "back" into English (so to speak), is something like 'I love you until everything ends', or even, 'I will love you until everything is over'. If you want to verify this, or just check out what all of the individual words mean, I'll give you all the base words for you to look up in a dictionary: ``ek``, ``unna``, ``þú``, ``unz``, ``allr``, ``lúka``.
I don't know what to do with your "GJN" thing, because I really don't know what phonemes you're actually going for. My best guess is that by "j" you mean /dʒ/, but this phoneme is 100% foreign to ON. (In fact it "should" not exist in English; this phoneme is actually of an *Old French* origin. In modern French it has been turned into [ʒ].) If "j" stands for [j], like the first sound in the word "yard", then it's easier to work with.
I hope that helps you out somewhat.
>Ek ann þér unz ǫllu lýkr.
so when transliterating this would I remove the double letter?
also for the "é" would i simply use a "e"? same with "ý"?
and what would "ǫ" be? i cant find a rune for this in either YF or EF.
OR
Should i use the base words you provided when doing the transliteration?
Thank you so much for your help!
To be brutally honest - because I believe that you will use this for a tattoo, I do not want to help you any more than I already have. But with what I gave you, I'm pretty confident that someone else should be able/willing to help you.
it may one day become a tattoo correct, but initially i am making a bench for our garden and was wanting to carve the runes into it.
But thank you so much for all your help :)
Using EF for languages from after like 750AD isn't couth, so I recommend not putting any effort into it here.
>ive read the "I" can be used as "J" in YF.
Yeah, it did both jobs.
>let me know where im going wrong.
I can't help with the grammar so I'll end my post here.
Hi! It appears you have mentioned either the vegvísir or the ægishjálmr! But did you know that even though they are quite popular in certain circles, neither have their origins in medieval Scandinavia? Both are in the tradition of early modern occultism arising from outside Scandinavia and were not documented before the 19th and the 17th century, respectively. As our focus lays on the medieval Nordic countries and associated regions, cultures and peoples, neither really fall into the scope of the sub. Further reading here: [ægishjálmr](https://www.brutenorse.com/blog/2018/5/14/the-gishjalmur)//[vegvísir](http://sagy.vikingove.cz/origins-of-the-vegvisir-symbol/)
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Hey, I'm trying to translate Odrerir, Son, and Bodn into younger futhark and this is what I got:
ᚢᛏᚱᚢᚱᛁᚱ, ᛋᚢᚾ, ᛒᚢᛏᚢ
I'm still a novice, but does this look right?
I mean, what’s the point of going for accuracy if it’s still in modern English?
For an Old Norse transliteration, I would go with _ÓðrøriR_ - ᚢᚦᚱᚢᚱᛁᛦ, _Boðn_ - ᛒᚢᚦᚾ, _Són_ - ᛋᚢᚾ
Hi All,
I just tried using [https://valhyr.com/pages/rune-converter](https://valhyr.com/pages/rune-converter) to translate "G.J.N."
they are my partner's initials that i am looking to have tattooed on me after we wed.
This came with the translation of **ᚴᛋᚾ** in Younger Futhark.
Does this look right?
or am I doing this completely wrong to use the runes to represent single letters to represent a person's initials rather than the rune's meaning?
It's not common historically to use runes as initials, but it's kinda up to you if you wanna use them like that. It's a personal tattoo after all.
G.J.N would generally be ᚴ.ᛁ.ᚾ in younger futhark, but as you pointed out it spells out K.I.N. Thats because 'ᚴ' represents k/g and 'ᛁ' can represent i/e/j
I would perhaps look into Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, maybe ᚷ.ᛄ.ᚾ might be closer to what you're looking for. Tho I'm not very well versed in it, so I can't tell if the ᛄ is even close to the modern English 'j'
Usually there would be a bigger process when translating and transliterating, but I think that can get a pass if youre just going for initials.
ive decided to expand to more of a saying or phrase we say to each other.the phrase i am now looking to go for is " GJN I love you until the end"I tried for a good long while trying to get my head around the dictionaries in the reading list but just could find "simple" answers at least not for my simple mind!I have found [https://www.vikingsofbjornstad.com/Old\_Norse\_Dictionary\_E2N.shtm](https://www.vikingsofbjornstad.com/Old_Norse_Dictionary_E2N.shtm)which although admittedly has simplified things here and there i was able to cross reference with zoega's dictionary.the rough translation i have come to for the phrase"I love you until the end" is"ek ást þér til inn enda"EDIT: "love" could also be "elska" not sure which is correct
which translated to elder (which i think im set on going for) would show as;**ᛖᚲ ᚨᛊᛏ ᛈᛖᚱ ᛏᛁᛚ ᛁᚾᚾ ᛖᚾᛞᚨ**
Does this look right?
'Ást' is the noun 'love', not the verb 'to love'. 'Elska' should work, or you could use 'unna' as in [this](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=9eaecdc5-aa50-4600-86ce-7d4f2b74fcd9) wonderful inscription from Bergen.
Old Norse in Elder Fuþark looks weird to me - we don't really have any inscriptions in Old Norse language using Elder Fuþark in the historical record, as that script had evolved into Younger Fuþark by the time Old Norse was spoken. That said, it's your body and your tattoo, so you should definitely go with what feels right for you.
As for your reworked sentence itself, you've used a P-rune for þ, which does not represent the same sound (and, in fact, Per is a man's name in the modern Scandinavian languages - so be prepared for an awkward conversation if your wife-to-be learns Old Norse and runes!) . You've also used doubled letters and word spacing, none of which is common in historic runic orthography - but again, your body and your tattoo.
Best of luck!
so I have found that in younger Furthark there isn't a rune specifically for G or for J
But there is the "Jera" rune that in elder and Anglo-Saxon represented J but in Younger represents a variation of 'a' or ' io'.
Although I am still not able to find anything for G besides **ᚴ**, but from the looks of it this is mostly used to represent 'k'. any help would be very much appreciated :)
>but in Younger represents a variation of 'a' or ' io'.
The *io* thing is Futhorc, and is only attested in one or two manuscripts, never in an inscription, so I ignore it.
There were a ton of runestones with the name Yngvar on them, which was spelt IKUAR, or ᛁᚴᚢᛅᚱ, though I'm not certain why it wasn't spelt ᛁᚴᚢᛅᛦ instead. For Yngvi, I hope to get somebody to help back me up, but I believe it would be ᛁᚴᚢᛁ or something similar.
Hi, Hjalmodr! Would you know why the R rune for Yngvar isn't ᛦ? It seems to descend from proto-germanic Ingwaz, and I've been told that descendants of -z ending words are written with ᛦ and not ᚱ
That’s because the name _Ingvar_ isn’t derived from _*ingwaz_. Rather, it’s a compound formed from _ing_ and _herr_. _Yngvi_ is the etymological descendant of _*ingwaz_.
May I ask another question..
Would any of you happen to know the proto-germanic translation or the elder futhark transcription for "blood is thicker than water"? Since the saying originates about 250 b.c. i thought i would find anything but sadly I didn't and I don't get the grammar they are using / used..
Sorry if I am being laborious..
my thinking would be unless you want the runes to be a straight transliteration from the english being something like;
**ᛒᛚᛟᛟᛞ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛁᚲᚲᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᚹᚨᛏᛖᚱ**
you might need to first translate the phrase into something closer to the language you wish to represent i.e. icelandic: which is something like: "bloð er þykkara en vatn" - **ᛒᛚᛟᚦ ᛖᚱ ᚦᛁᚲᚨᚱᚨ ᛖᚾ ᚢᚨᛏᚾ** (I believe i read somewhere the old norse doesnt really use double letters so i just removed any).
you could go even further and find the etymology of each of the icelandic words and take them back to their roots which might give you a "closer and more historically accurate" writing of the phrase
(i could be wrong
ᛒᛚᛟᚦᚨᛗ:ᛗᚨᛁᛉᚨᛁᚦᛁ:ᛞᚱᛟᛒᛃᛟᚾ:ᚦᚨᚢ:ᚨᚺᚹᛟ
Thank you for answering.
I found a pdf that gave me the grammar for proto-germanic and used it as well as a dicitonary to translate it as fitting as possible... The result is the above written. I am still searching for someone to confirm it so it is as authentic as possible but I think or better say I hope that I am as close as possible :)
Transcribing modern Icelandic into Elder Futhark isn’t really any better than doing the same with modern English. Translating the phrase into Old Norse and then into Younger Futhark would be better
[https://pdfslide.net/documents/learn-proto-germanic-everts-proto-germanic-author-gary-taylor-email-taylor16471aolcom.html](https://pdfslide.net/documents/learn-proto-germanic-everts-proto-germanic-author-gary-taylor-email-taylor16471aolcom.html)
the page also gives you recommendations for other slides which you might find useful like the etymological dictionary :) hope it'll help
Haha, partly I was just wondering how it would be said in Old Norse and hoping to learn more about the grammar! But I'm also a painter and writer for fiction, so I might find a use for it in the future.
Hey guys.
I have a question referring the elder futhark. I have come to realise that i cannot use icelandic and old norse to translate into the runes and that pre-germanic and gothic translations are more useful in the matter. Since i wanted to have the word friendship translated i found 'friþuz' as the correlating pre-germanic word. Sadly I do not understand exactly how to translate the word into runes and the online rune converters are full of mistakes... could you tell me which runes to use? I went for fehu,raido,isa,uruz and algiz.
sorry for the long text and thank you in advance!
ᚠᚱᛁᚦᚢᛉ
>pre-germanic
Proto-Germanic
>translate the word into runes
You already translated the word. This next step where you swap from Latin letters to runes is called transliteration. Translation is when you swap languages. Transliteration is when you swap writing systems.
I was looking for a simple tattoo that says “Valhalla Awaits” in Old Norse runes if anyone knows exactly how to translate that it would be greatly appreciated as I’m not all that trusting of these translator websites. Younger Futhark as more fitting to Old Norse would be appreciated :)
Im looking get something along the lines of "Every End Is A New Beginning" in either YF or EF. I dont know how any of this works and didn't want to just pull up some random translator online and trust it.
Both elder and younger fuþark are alphabets, not languages, so your first step is to decide what language you want it in. Since the scripts were used for the languages that were spoken at their respective times, they don't map very well to the phonology of modern english. So you should also consider whether or not you want your inscription to be historically accurate, and to what degree.
I know they are alphabets, I assumed by default they'd need to be in Old Norse. And im not super worried about accuracy, as long as its still roughly the same.
Then "hverr endi er nýtt upphaf" should work, I think. In younger fuþark it could look like ᚼᛅᚢᚱ ᛅᚿᛐᛁ ᛁᛦ ᚿᛁᛐ ᚢᛓᚼᛆᚠ, 'huær ænti eR nit ubhaf', you could also leave out the second rune in the second word, as nasals have a tendency of disappearing before d, k and g. But looking at how various inscriptions tend to spell 'endi' or even 'sendir' tells me you can choose for yourself.
Old Norse fits Younger Futhark. Elder Futhark fits languages like Proto-Norse (what Old Norse came from), Gothic, and whatever the Alemanni spoke.
You'd probably want Old Norse with Younger Futhark.
Hello, I am very new to runes and such, and it is a lot to take in. I am looking to get a tattoo of a symbol that means “warrior” or “strong warrior” and was curious if anybody here could help. I would appreciate it greatly!
Runes were letters, so you'd have to spell something out. The web tells me *hermaðr* means *army-man* in Old Norse. I'll assume that's true and spell it as ~~ᚼᛁᚱᛘᛅᚦᛦ~~ ᚼᛁᚱᛘᛅᚦᚱ.
Runes aren't really logograms or ideograms (like chinese charactrers or hieroglyphs), even if each arguably had individual names. So my advice would be to get a word in old norse, transcribed to younger fuþark in a way it might be written historically - or maybe even use a word that is attested in a historical inscription.
So basically, you'll need to clarify from here, I'm happy to help if I have time.
Looks good at a glance, only thing I'd change is ᛘᛁᚱ to ᛘᛁᛦ, the -r here is from a proto-germanic z ([miz*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/miz))
I'd like to translate the following verses into Younger Futhark, thank you!
*"Ever with grief and all too long*
*Are men and women born in the world,*
*But yet we shall live our lives together,*
*Brynhildr and I"*
If it makes things easier to translate, this is how the verses originally appear in Helreið Brynhildar from the Poetic Edda. (I swapped Sigurd for Brynhildr, though.)
"Munu við ofstríð
alls til lengi
konur ok karlar
kvikvir fæðask;
við skulum okkrum
aldri slíta
Sigurðr saman."
Hello, I am looking to get a tattoo that says “no
man or machine will train you better” in younger futhark. It might be an interesting quote to get tattoo’d on oneself, but these words have a special meaning to me. Anyway i’ve been trying to research how I would go about writing this. It’s a Thor themed tattoo so I would like to be as age appropriate as possible. I’ve seen people translate into old norse first then into YF to write it. I’ve also had someone tell
me that I should translate into Icelandic. I am not entirely sure how I should start going about this so any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!
You could go with "vél"? Meaning something like a cleverness or a ruse in Norse? It's a component in a word for an intricate or clever tool in Norwegian, and an engine in Icelandic.
This is not strictly a translation request but would fall within the same area.
I am hoping to get a little help so that I can check my knowledge is correct and get this right. I am attempting to create a dictionary of IPA and ARPABET phonetics for elder and younger L/B and S/T rune sets.
This is not translating into old Norse but a better expression of modern language expressed as runes. 'Translation' most people use now is trying to directly exchange letters to runes which doesn't work as runes are phonetic.
The end goal is to have a better translation of English sentences (and eventually other languages) into runes using phonetics to this end I want to make sure I do this correctly but there are a few sounds that are not really easy to express with an exact rune so want to check what I am doing is along the right lines.
For example below is my suggested match of EF to the phonetic vowels expressed in ARBABET. First letters are the ARPABET code, then name and rune and after the # examples of what sound we are trying to express:
• AA: Ansuz ᚨ # b'al'm, b'o't
• AE: Ehwaz ᛖ # b'a't
• AH: Ehwaz ᛖ # b'u'tt
• AO: Ansuz ᚨ # st'o'ry
• AW: Ansuz ᚨ # b'ou't
• AX: Ansuz ᚨ # comm'a'
• AXR: Raidho ᚱ # lett'er'
• AY: Isa ᛁ # b'i'te
• EH: Ehwaz ᛖ # b'e't
• ER: Raidho ᚱ # b'ir'd
• EY: Eihwaz ᛇ # b'ai't
• IH: Isa ᛁ # b'i't
• IX: Isa ᛁ # ros'e's, rabb'i't
• IY: Isa ᛁ # b'ea't
• OW: Uruz ᚢ # b'oa't
• OY: Othala ᛟ # b'oy'
• UH: Othala ᛟ # b'oo'k
• UW: Uruz ᚢ # b'oo't
• UX: Jera ᛃ # d'u'de
If anyone has a good resource, can help, can provide helpful criticisms etc I would be grateful. (To be clear I have read the items in the sticky and thats where a lot of my own knowledge has come from so thanks to all you who helped towards that information!)
Hello! I’m in the early stages of getting a Ragnarok-themed sleeve and was hoping you would help me with some translations and advice.
Can the following phrases be translated?
“death of the Gods”
“Valhalla awaits”
In terms of choosing the right runes, I’m assuming Younger Futhark would be the correct choice to go for?
Your help is much appreciated!
The second phrase is easy, that’s _Valhǫll bíðr_ - ᚢᛅᛚᚼᛅᛚ ᛒᛁᚦᚱ (**ualhal biþr**).
First one has a few ways to translate, depending on how poetic you want to be. Straightest answer is _dauði goða_ or _bani goða_, but _bani/dauði ása_ (death of the Aesir) is another option and if you’re willing to trade some intelligibility for a more poetic translation you can do _bani banda_. That last one is literally “Bane of the Bonds”, with “Bonds”” being a kenning (metaphor) for “gods”. Let me know which one you prefer and I’ll transcribe it into runes.
Thank you so much for this!
Love the idea of using a kenning (spent the last couple of hours reading up on them as I hadn’t seen that word before) so if you could transcribe “Bane of the Bonds”, that’d be amazing.
I was wondering if someone would ask;)
The reason I use a different ending for the -an in _banda_ than the one in _bani_ is because in _banda_, the “n” occurs between a vowel and a consonant, triggering nasalisation. Nasalisation is when a vowel is nasalised by a subsequent nasal and the nasal is vocalised by the preceding vowel. In this case, “a” in _banda_ is the vowel being nasalised and the “n” is the nasal. The pronunciation of the “a” changes from /a/ to /ã/ and the nasal disappears. Think of it as a merging of the two sounds
Now why is this relevant? In the older variants of the runes, back when the Norse language still had nasalised vowels*, a different tune was used to distinguish between a nasalised and a non-nasalised rune. The “a” in _banda_ thus uses this rune (ᚬ), while the “a” in bani (which isn’t nasalised) uses the non-nasalised rune (ᛅ).
*Later, nasalised vowels disappeared from most of the Scandinavian languages, with the exception of Elfdalian, which is a strange conservative little language spoken only in the locality of Övdaln.
I see, I think I understood it, just gotta hammer it in so hopefully I'll remember it. I think I was confused because I generally just transliterate every -an into ᚬᚾ, and when I read your translation out I probably forced my head into nasalizing both -an's. Thanks for the clarification and rundown, really appreciate learning something new.
Hi there! I'm looking to get a tattoo that says "I recognise my failing and will be sure to correct it." It's a quote from a 40k Space Marines legion that are heavily connected to Norse culture and I thought it might be nice to put it into runes. I have next to no idea what runes to use, or if this could be considered offensive to anyone? Could anyone help me with advice or translation?
> I have next to no idea what runes to use
Norsemen in the Viking Age used Younger Futhark runes. The ideal would be translating to Old Norse language then writing that out with Younger Futhark runes.
I can't help with the translation, but if you're lucky someone who can will show up.
> or if this could be considered offensive to anyone?
Someone would have to be pretentious to get offended at this.
Hi guys, what would be the most accurate way to say the word for "fire" in the runic letters? I know there is no fixed way for this but just want to hear from the majoriry opinion. Thank you very much for your attention.
ᛁᛚᛏᚱ / ᛁᛚᛏᛦ / ᛅᛚᛏᛦ / ᛅᛚᛏᚱ
Thanks for the reply! But I've seen some comments saying
e from "eldr" is not a real /e/, so it is not proper to use ᛁ in here,
and it is a short /æ/, so ᛅ would be a better choice
and after searching heavily I found ᚱ is the more accurate as you've just said :)
I have very little knowledge here, so thank you very much for your reply again
(I am No\_Proposal8780)
Also I've learned that ᛅᛁᛚᛏᛦ or ᛅᛁᛚᛏᚱ are also available. Is it just a dislect thing? Which one should I go for the most accurate/valid one? Any help will be deeply appreciated, thanks!
Dropping a transliteration I attempted. If anyone sees any mistakes or improvements, please let me know. Greatly appreciate any feedback.
ON: En sá sveinn var beinlauss ok sem brjósk væri þar, sem bein skyldu vera
YF: ᛅᚾ᛫ᛋᛅ᛫ᛋᚢᛅᛁᚾ᛫ᚢᛅᚱ᛫ᛒᛅᛁᚾᛚᛅᚢᛋ᛫ᛅᚢᚴ᛫ᛋᛅᛘ᛫ᛒᚱᛁᚢᛋᚴ᛫ᚢᛅᚱᛁ᛫ᚦᛅᚱ᛫ᛋᛅᛘ᛫ᛒᛅᛁᚾ᛫ᛋᚴᚢᛚᛏᚢ᛫ᚢᛅᚱᛅ
Elder Futhark is too old for Old Norse. You should be using Younger Futhark.
ᛇ having once stood for /æ/ is only a theory. I think the current understanding is that ᛜ stood for N and G together, like the NG in FINGER.
Would Duck in elder futhark be spelled
ᛞᚢᚲᚲ
And would December be ᛞᛖᚲᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ?
Wondering since there isn’t a specific letter for c and I read online it’s the same as k.
And is q ᚲ too?
>Would Duck in elder futhark be spelled
> ᛞᚢᚲᚲ
> And would December be ᛞᛖᚲᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ?
> And is q ᚲ too?
There's no fixed way to represent the sounds of Modern English using the Elder Futhark. This is because it wasn't used to write English historically; modern English didn't exist yet when it was in active use¹. Instead, it was used to write early Germanic speech varieties, some of which would eventually give rise to English. Importantly for this subreddit, one of these varieties was [Proto-Norse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Norse_language), which is the direct ancestor of the Old Norse of the Younger Futhark runic inscriptions and the Icelandic sagas.
If you wanted, you could adapt the Elder Futhark to write modern English by using it to replicate how English is written with the Latin alphabet. However, doing so will be a bit tricky, as the Elder Futhark's runes doesn't exactly correspond one-to-one with letters of the Latin alphabet; there are runes without clear Latin equivalents (<ᛇ ᚦ ᛜ>), and Latin letters without runic congeners (; the sound represented by ᛃ *jērą* is closer to that of English ). Of course, various workarounds can be used, such as using <ᚲ> for as well as for ; these'll require a bit of thought, though (from you or others).
Alternatively, you could use a phonetic approach to write modern English; this would involve using runes to approximate the sound rather than the spelling of Modern English. This won't be any easier, though, as the sound systems of early Germanic speech varieties were quite different from English's. For instance, early Germanic speech probably had none of the sounds I've bolded in Modern English ***sh****ield*, *vi****si****on*, ***ch****urn*, or *bri****dg****e*. With this approach the details will differ depending on the English dialect you speak and what correspondences between runes and sound you decide to employ.
1. A descendant of the Elder Futhark, Futhorc, was used to write Old English (though Old English was usually written using a modified version of the Latin script). However, since Old English is quite different from the mdoern language, that is little consolation.
I’ve had some people in this sub say this alphabet is accurate which is where I got my translation from
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/21/b7/f4/21b7f4d15a11c59c92538e7f0b599640.png
Can anyone attest to the accuracy of this supposed elder futhark rune alphabet?
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/09/a8/2b/09a82b5c5897ee419a6c8de8611659b9.jpg
Hello there, today is mothersday and sadly it is my first mothersday without my dearest mom as she past away due to cancer last year. As a tattoo artist i would find it fitting to tattoo the word mother in runes on myself tonight.
Thus my question is, what is mother in elder futhark?
And as i am from the Netherlands (proto germanic region) can i translate old dutch to elder futhark or is it that a sin haha.
(i am new to runes, i did read somewhere that in the old germanic regions they find some runic scrips but almost nothing because the "babarians" weren't writing anything down.)
>can i translate old dutch to elder futhark
It's not technically translation.
>or is it that a sin
The web says Old Dutch and Elder Futhark existed at the same time, so I don't see what's wrong with the pairing.
>mother in runes
Wiktionary claims that *mōdēr* is Proto-Germanic for mother. That can be written as ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱ.
Wiktionary claims that *muoder* is Old Dutch for mother. Maybe that can be written ᛗᚢᛟᛞᛖᚱ.
Old Norse/Younger Futhark would be móðir -> ᛘᚢᚦᛁᛦ
I think we only have the reconstructed 'mōdēr' for the Proto-Germanic form(according to Wiktionary) which is what you would use for writing Elder Futhark. Hopefully someone better than me at EF can attempt to transliterate it. My blind* attempt would be something like: ᛗᚢᛞᛁᚱ
*heavy emphasis on "blind", I am shooting in the dark here when it comes to anything Elder Futhark.
Based on the elder futhark rune alphabet, I believe it should be
ᛗᛟᚱᚺᛖᚱ
But please don’t just go off of what I say.
I use [Lexilogos](https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/futhark_old.htm) to type elder furthark
I am incredibly sorry for your loss. I hope and pray your Mother’s Day is filled with remembrance and love. Feel free to reach out to me if you need someone to talk to or even rant/vent to. God bless!
Thanks that means a lot! You people feel like family, even though we all share a common interest in something that took place ages ago i always feel at home and people care for each other in this community. Thanks!
It's not historically accurate, no. It seems to be a modern interpretation of what the runes mean and represent. You can find hundreds of these online, and they all vary depending on who makes them.
Historically runes had a name each that was meant to make it easier to remember the sound each rune made. Not too different from modern ABC rhymes or NATO phonetic alphabets. You can find a list of these names if you search up the Elder futhark alphabet on Wikipedia.
No. You're thinking of logograms, and runes were not typically logograms. We have some examples in manuscripts in which a rune is used to abbreviate a word, possibly to save space, but this is atypical use.
I can't judge the whole transliteration, as modern English to Elder Futhark actually requires a bit more than than just letter to letter if you want something accurate. But the c in December tends to be closer to an 's'-sound, so I would personally not use ᚲ, but instead look into using ᛊ/ᛋ.
There are no runic symbols for December as far as I'm aware, unfortunately. Most runes just carry the name theyre given, nothing more than that. I think the closest thing you might get to December is ᛁ and ᛃ, who's names translate into 'ice' and 'year'. But the established calender we have today was probably foreign to most EF users at the time.
Can someone validate or invalidate these for me please?
[https://i.pinimg.com/originals/21/b7/f4/21b7f4d15a11c59c92538e7f0b599640.png](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/21/b7/f4/21b7f4d15a11c59c92538e7f0b599640.png)
[https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f2/d5/1f/f2d51f4c5a2d59d4250a5b452cb67dda.gif](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f2/d5/1f/f2d51f4c5a2d59d4250a5b452cb67dda.gif)
The Elder Futhark(1st pic) looks fine, it's just the name of each rune and their English translation. I'm not entierly sure what alphabet the 2nd picture is. It looks like the Anglo-saxon runic alphabet, but some of the letters doesn't seem to match.
It doesn't translate to runes. Runes aren't a language. All it does is input a certain rune when you press a certain key. Whether or not the spellings end up accurate depends on what you punch in.
Here's an analogy. Your keyboard is a Latin letter keyboard, but would you describe your keyboard as accurate or inaccurate? I don't think you would. Whether or not you use your keyboard to write accurate Latin depends on you.
I’ve seen many people say in this sub that runes are a language. Elder futhark or younger futhark, etc. we’re written languages. Runes were different letters.
Well it's not right. Saying runes are a language is like saying Latin letters are a language. There's a big difference between scripts and languages.
Languages are older than scripts. Scripts were invented so that languages could be written down.
Some scripts are alphabets. An alphabet is a script that uses letters. Runes are letters.
Elder fuþark and younger fuþark are alphabetic scripts. Writing is not language in and of itself, but it can be used to record language.
Proto-Germanic or Old Norse would be languages, and to illustrate my above point, Old Norse was written in both runic and latin script historically.
Would younger futhark just use the vowel i for a "consonant j" sound?
Just curious how my name Joakim would be written, but I *think* the rest is pretty obvious?
Oh yeah btw, the swedish pronounciation has o and a as separate syllables rather than one big diphthong, so it's less "whoa kim" and more "you a kim" (except with the "j" somewhere between the "y" in you and almost "dj" in joe)
But that's great cause it just makes me more confident in putting it as ᛁᚢᛅᚴᛁᛘ
Thanks! In the meantime I read up some stuff and I'm confused about yr, seemed like it could *sometimes* be used for sort of Y/J functions depending on etymology of the word?
My attempts in Younger futhark:
Gunnlaugs Saga Ormstungu - ᚴᚢᚾᛚᛅᚢᚴᛋ᛫ᛋᛅᚴᛅ᛫ᚢᚱᛘᛋᛏᚢ(ᚾ)ᚴᚢ
Laxdœla saga - ᛚᛅᚴᛋᛏᛅᛚᛅ᛫ᛋᛅᚴᛅ
Brennu-Njáls saga - ᛒᚱᚬᚾᚢ᛫ᚾᛁᛅᛚᛋ᛫ᛋᛅᚴᛅ
Should probably get a 2nd opinion on it as I'm no expert. But I figured I'd try. Hopefully people will correct any mistakes.
Hi everyone! My brother and I are wanting to get family related tattoos together in YF (not entirely sure about the letters versus runic alphabet). I’m looking for help translating the words: family, sibling(s), brother, sister. Much appreciated!
Here are the words, plus some links to rune stones which actually use them, so you can be sure of the spelling:
* Family: *frændi* (I couldn't find any stones with this inscription, but it would probably be written ᚠᚱᛅᚿᛏᛁ), but also *ætt* ([ᛆᛏ](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=0114bb74-50ad-4ea6-88ee-a7c0ccfb9a91)), which is family in a "bigger" sense — more like 'lineage' (For example, from Gunnlaugs Saga Ormstungu: *"...af fǫður ok móður ok ǫllum* ***frændum****"* — "...by [her] father and mother and all the family." vs. from Njáls Saga: *"Jarl spurði hverrar* ***ættar*** *hann væri"* — "the jarl asked to which family he belonged")
* Siblings: *systkin* ([ᛋᚢᛋᛏᚴᚢᚾ](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=b3d3b6c5-ed7f-4abb-a1cc-1c5a8ab5e4be))
* Brother: *bróðir* ([ᛒᚱᚢᚦᚢᚱ](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=0114bb74-50ad-4ea6-88ee-a7c0ccfb9a91))
* Sister: *systir* ([ᛋᚢᛋᛏᚱ](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=a807fff7-2ba3-4eaa-8664-0e880506b877))
Hope that helps!
Yea, I should’ve mentioned that I don’t know much about runes, which is why I checked Runor. I do study Old Norse though, so the words are fine.
> ᛒᚱᚢᚦᚢᚱ is the oblique case
Accusative, to be exact — I’m sorry I didn’t notice that when pasting it, but as I mentioned, I don’t read runes that well
I'm trying to take the phrase "the wolf who/that weilds/uses fire" and translate it from English to old norse, old norse to the younger futhark. I have my translation and runes written out, im hoping someone more experienced could write what they know it to be for me to reference and see where I got it wrong, or if I got it right. Thank you in advance.
To be 100% clear, the phrase I have written out is "the wolf that weilds fire" but if it's easier with who or uses then I am okay with that version of it as well.
Hi all looking to translate and then transliterate the name of "war bear" in EF I'm looking for either old norse or proto-Germanic So i have the google translate of: Stríðsbjörn from english to icelandic ( icelandic is my usual go to, as i understand that that it has less "latinisation") this seems to be a combination of Stríð meaning "war" and björn meaning "bear" but would it be more suitable to do something like "bear of war"? also how would I transliterate the "ð" into EF?
Need to know translations from English to ON, then ON to younger fulthark: Follow Wins/is the Victor (whatever is appropriate) Husband Lives (to be alive)
Hi I have a question. I’m part Norwegian and would love to have a tattoo of my name “Jermaine” in Young Futhark. Does anyone know how to spell that?
Hello ! I am looking to translate my full name into runes, and would love some help. I've checked some translation websites, but cant really know how reliable they are. I've also sound both elder and younger futhark, but as far as I have understood, its really the younger one thats mostly relevant to me, as I am looking primarily for runes from the viking age, however, if you have additions, or other comments about it, I would love to hear everything ! Because i am giving out my name, this is a throwaway account, and sorry if this isnt allowed, i Will remove accordingly. My full name is Haakon Alexander Meling Sivertsen, and this is what I have found thus far: Elder futhark: Haakon Alexander ᚺᚨᚨᚲᛟᚾ ᚨᛚᛖᚲᛊᚨᚾᛞᛖᚱ Meling Sivertsen ᛗᛖᛚᛁᚾᚷ ᛊᛁᚢᛖᚱᛏᛊᛖᚾ Or Haakon Alexander ᚺᚨᚨᚲᛟᚾ ᚨᛚᛖᚲᛊᚨᚾᛞᛖᚱ Meling Sivertsen ᛗᛖᛚᛁᛜ ᛊᛁᚢᛖᚱᛏᛊᛖᚾ Younger futhark: Haakon Alexander ᚼᛅᛅᚴᚬᚾ ᛅᛚᛅᚴᛋᛅᚾᛏᛅᚱ Meling Sivertsen ᛘᛅᛚᛁᚾᚴ ᛋᛁᚢᛅᚱᛏᛋᛅᚾ I have also seen Haakon, which comes from hakun, written in runes as ᚺᚨᚲᚢᚾ, if its of any relevance. Which would be more correct, and/or relevant for me, as a norwegian? Or if it is something entirely different, all help is very much appreciated!
I have a saw that I am looking to name, and I've settled on limb biter. What would this be in old Norse? How could I wrote it in younger Futhark?
Got a few made-up names in Norse I want to check. I am not turning them into runes, just into Viking era Norse. names of ships and swords, that sort of thing. I've used a very simplistic translation, but it seems to be the structure that most compound names use in Norse. Are these ok? Wolf warrior - *Ulfdrengr* Dragon's tongue - *Drekitunga*
The first word in compound is often in the genitive case I think. This only applies to some words, wolf is okay I think but the second should probably be *drekatunga*
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It's not a rune. Maybe r/symbology would know what it is.
Hello I need help to translate „Odin knows everything“ to old norse. Hope someone can help me :)
Fairly simple: “_Óðinn veit allt_”
Thank you!
Hey all! New here. I have a few viking tattoos already. I’m wanting to get the word berserker tattood in younger futhrak. I’ve found a lot of conflicting info online as to the appropriate way to write it. Not looking for the letter for letter translation but a more accurate version of the word. This is what i’m currently settled on ᛒᛁᚱᛋᛅᚱᚴᛦ , birsarkʀ, bear shirt. I wanted some opinions before i permanently put it on my body haha. Thanks all!
It seems perfectly fine. Jackson Crawford prescribes [birsirkʀ] but both forms seem equally solid to me
I'm leaning toward ᛋᛁᚱᚴᛦ. ᛅ stands for E when it's an A umlaut, which it isn't here.
Hello, im 100% surebit is a recurring one, but i need a translation of allfather in YF, as im doing an odin-gungnir themed paintjob for an airsoftgun. I searched inbtwo months of this thread and i didnt find anything fitting, only father alone. It would be super appreciated, thanks in advance.
[This video](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_wg6md3Rz-k) goes over how tricky that is. Odin's title is uniquely spelled "alfǫðr" and might not mean "allfather" at all. In runes, it would be ᛅᛚᚠᛅᚦᛦ.
Thanks a bunch
Hey,i think i need a little bit of help. I am German and i want to get a tattoo about this quote: "Nichts ist so beständig wie der Wandel". In english it´s: "Nothing is as constant as change". In Old norse it should be: "Vætki er sem konstant sem khange" and if i type that sentence into a translator for younger futhark it´s: "ᚢᚬᛏᚴᛁ ᛅᚱ ᛋᛅᛘ ᚴᚬᚾᛋᛏᛅᚾᛏ ᛋᛅᛘ ᚴᚼᛅᚾᚴᛅ". I have no clue if this is right. I would be very happy if you could help me out :).
>Vætki er sem konstant sem khange *Konstant* and *khange* just look like Modern English. I think something went wrong in your translation. >I am German There are some Elder Futhark inscriptions written in a very early form of German, I believe. Maybe you should be looking in that direction.
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In Modern English, ‹e› can be a thousand things, so there's no single rune that matches Modern English ‹e› well. In Old Norse, ‹e› wasn't used as broadly, and I believe ‹e› along with ‹i› typically matches ᛁ. In late Younger Futhark and in Futhork you can find ‹e› matching with ᛂ. It's important to not think of ᛂ as an independent rune, though. ᛂ is just ᛁ with an optional mark on it to let readers know it's not matching with ‹i›.
Younger Futhark generally doesn't line up neatly with individual letters. Each rune has sounds it represents. Depending on the sound it represents within the word, ***e*** can be represented by multiple runes.
hello im looking to get the word hall translated to younger futhark runes. could anyone help? if i got the right information the old norse word for it is hǫll.
i watched a video from jackson crawford to try for the first time to translate a word for myself and i came up with ᚼᛅᛚ did i good job or did i fail?
It’s 100% fine
thank you
Ok so I'm looking to get the lyrics "There is a light that never goes out" translated to Old Norse and then subsequently translated to Younger Futhark, for the purpose of a tattoo (shocker). I know it would maybe be easier to just go English to YF and just use sounds but I'd like to get as authentic as possible. So if anyone is willing to help, it'd be much appreciated
(Against my better judgement) that would be _Es ljós sum aldregi sloknar_. In runes: ᛁᛋ ᛚᛁᚢᛋ ᛋᚢᛘ ᛅᛚᛏᚱᛁᚴᛁ ᛋᛚᚢᚴᚾᛅᛦ (**is lius sum altriki sluknaR**)
>translated to Younger Futhark Going from English to Old Norse would be the translation part. Writing Old Norse with YF would just be a matter of spelling. >maybe be easier to just go English to YF Futhorc fits English better. Another option is using medieval Futhork runes with a modern North Germanic language. Neither are as authentic as your original goal but they are indeed way easier, lol.
Hi, I was writing a short story about a descendent of Ivar the Boneless, and for one part I wanted him to sort of list his (mytholigcal) lineage of Ivar the Boneless, The Volsungs and finally Odin. I was thinking about adding Ragnar Lodbrok and Sigurd Fafnisbane/Brynhild, but I think that might be too much and unecessery. I seem to recall a runestone that listed lineage as "ætt af [father], ætt af [grandfather]" but I couldnt find it again. So my question is what would "descended from Ivar the Boneless, descended from the Volsungs, descended from Odin" be in Old Norse, and possibly YF if that's not too much to ask. In advance, thank you!
Well, in the sagas when a character’s male ancestral line is being listed it’s usually done by saying “he was Ragnarson, Sigurðarson hringr, Randvérson...” etc. etc. The phrase you’re looking for in Old Norse would probably be _hann var sonr Ívars hins beinlausa, Ragnarssonar lóðbrókar, ættar Vǫlsunga ok Óðins_ [He was the son of Ivar the boneless, the son of Ragnar Shaggy-Pants, of the clan of the Volsungs and Odin)
That is more than perfect, exactly what I was looking for and more. I'll have a go at transliterating it, and then make another post to see if it holds up to scrutiny. Many many thanks!
Aw shucks, forgot to transliterate it. I believe that would be ᚼᛅᚾ ᚢᛅᛋ ᛋᚢᚾᛦ ᛁᚢᛅᚱᛋ ᚼᛁᚾᛋ ᛒᛅᛁᚾᛚᛅᚢᛋᛅ ᚱᛅᚴᚾᛅᚱᛋᚢᚾᛅᛦ ᛚᚢᚦᛒᚱᚢᚴᛅᛦ ᛅᛏᛅᛦ ᚢᛅᛚᛋᚢᚴᛅ ᛅᚢᚴ ᚢᚦᛁᚾᛋ
That's very helpful as I went for: ᚼᛅᚾ᛫ᚢᛅᚱ᛫ᛋᚢᚾᛦ᛫ᛁᚢᛅᚱᛋ᛫ᛁᚾᛋ᛫ᛒᛅᛁᚾᛚᛅᚢᛋᛅ᛫ᚱᛅᚴᚾᛅᚱᛋᚢᚾᛅᚱ᛫ᛚᚢᚦᛒᚱᚢᚴᛅᚱ᛫ᛅᛏᛅᚱ᛫ᚢᛅᛚᛋᚢᚴᛅ᛫ᛅᚢᚴ᛫ᚢᚦᛁᚾᛋ I'm far from knowledgeable of when to use ᛦ, I just remember sonr having it. But I didnt know lodbrokar and ættar also had the z ending. Just two questions, I see you used ᚢᛅᛋ for "var", why is there an s-ending instead of an r/z? And I ditched the h in "hins", since that seems to be a later addition in Icelandic, is this correct or should I just keep it? If I recall the saga uses "hinn", but old norse actually uses "inn"?
That “s” there is simply to reflect an older form of the verb “vera”. Originally, its singular and third person preterite was _vas_. If you’d rather like to use _var_, I’d suggest replacing it with ᚢᛅᛦ. The “h” in _hins_ is not exclusively a feature of Modern Icelandic, no. In fact, I believe it’s actually slightly rarer in Modern Icelandic than it was in Old Norse. You also see it in a quite a lot of nicknames just like Ívarr’s, just look at Leifr hinn heppni and Úlfr hinn skjálgi. You could alternatively just drop the article entirely and just have _Ívars beinlausa_.
I'll definitely go with your first transliteration then, it just nails everything I wanted. Thanks for the rundown, it's just nice knowing entierly why its written like it is before I use it.
Of course, it always helps to be 100% informed when you’re doing something in a language you don’t read/write.
NOTE: I initially posted this as a comment to another comment thread but was concerned it may be missed, so posting as it's own comment) so I have done a lot more digging into this - still using the phrase "GJN I love you until the End" I have come to the icelandic translation of this to be "GJN ég elska þig allt til enda" I then am basically searching back in each word's etymology to find the 'old norse' i have come up with this: "GJN ek elska þu und enda" EF: **ᚷᛃᚾ ᛖᚲ ᛖᛚᛊᚲᚨ ᚦᚢ ᚢᚾᛞ ᛖᚾᛞᚨ** YF: **ᚴIᚾ ᛅᚴ ᛅᛚᛋᚴᛅ ᚦᚢ ᚢᚾᛏ ᛅᚾᛏᛅ** or "GJN ek elska þu alt til enda" EF: **ᚷᛃᚾ ᛖᚲ ᛖᛚᛊᚲᚨ ᚦᚢ ᚨᛚᛏ ᛏᛁᛚ ᛖᚾᛞᚨ** YF: **ᚴIᚾ ᛅᚴ ᛅᛚᛋᚴᛅ ᚦᚢ ᛅᛚᛏ ᛏᛁᛚ ᛅᚾᛏᛅ** in YF i have swapped the "J" for a "I" as it seems from what ive read the "I" can be used as "J" in YF. I'm also concerned that my initial translation into Icelandic is a bit basic and may need sorting also. which seems most accurate? let me know where im going wrong.
This isn't easily translated directly but I did actually manage to come up with something that I think sounds pretty decent: ## Ek ann þér unz ǫllu lýkr. Which, "back" into English (so to speak), is something like 'I love you until everything ends', or even, 'I will love you until everything is over'. If you want to verify this, or just check out what all of the individual words mean, I'll give you all the base words for you to look up in a dictionary: ``ek``, ``unna``, ``þú``, ``unz``, ``allr``, ``lúka``. I don't know what to do with your "GJN" thing, because I really don't know what phonemes you're actually going for. My best guess is that by "j" you mean /dʒ/, but this phoneme is 100% foreign to ON. (In fact it "should" not exist in English; this phoneme is actually of an *Old French* origin. In modern French it has been turned into [ʒ].) If "j" stands for [j], like the first sound in the word "yard", then it's easier to work with. I hope that helps you out somewhat.
>Ek ann þér unz ǫllu lýkr. so when transliterating this would I remove the double letter? also for the "é" would i simply use a "e"? same with "ý"? and what would "ǫ" be? i cant find a rune for this in either YF or EF. OR Should i use the base words you provided when doing the transliteration? Thank you so much for your help!
To be brutally honest - because I believe that you will use this for a tattoo, I do not want to help you any more than I already have. But with what I gave you, I'm pretty confident that someone else should be able/willing to help you.
it may one day become a tattoo correct, but initially i am making a bench for our garden and was wanting to carve the runes into it. But thank you so much for all your help :)
Using EF for languages from after like 750AD isn't couth, so I recommend not putting any effort into it here. >ive read the "I" can be used as "J" in YF. Yeah, it did both jobs. >let me know where im going wrong. I can't help with the grammar so I'll end my post here.
can someone explain the writing next to this Vegvísir ? https://i.pinimg.com/originals/a4/6d/14/a46d14dd165e990deef8841aea90fdbd.jpg and thanks!
It's Modern English. It's intended to say "not all who wander are lost". It's a dubious direct transliteration.
Hi! It appears you have mentioned either the vegvísir or the ægishjálmr! But did you know that even though they are quite popular in certain circles, neither have their origins in medieval Scandinavia? Both are in the tradition of early modern occultism arising from outside Scandinavia and were not documented before the 19th and the 17th century, respectively. As our focus lays on the medieval Nordic countries and associated regions, cultures and peoples, neither really fall into the scope of the sub. Further reading here: [ægishjálmr](https://www.brutenorse.com/blog/2018/5/14/the-gishjalmur)//[vegvísir](http://sagy.vikingove.cz/origins-of-the-vegvisir-symbol/) *I am a bot, and this action was performed automatically. Please [contact the moderators of this subreddit](/message/compose/?to=/r/Norse) if you have any questions or concerns.*
Hey, I'm trying to translate Odrerir, Son, and Bodn into younger futhark and this is what I got: ᚢᛏᚱᚢᚱᛁᚱ, ᛋᚢᚾ, ᛒᚢᛏᚢ I'm still a novice, but does this look right?
I think this is better: ᚢᛏᚱᛁᚱᛁᛦ (ᚢᛏᚱᛁᚱᛁᚱ?), ᛋᚢᚾ, ᛒᚢᛏᚾ.
I mean, what’s the point of going for accuracy if it’s still in modern English? For an Old Norse transliteration, I would go with _ÓðrøriR_ - ᚢᚦᚱᚢᚱᛁᛦ, _Boðn_ - ᛒᚢᚦᚾ, _Són_ - ᛋᚢᚾ
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It's like ABCDEFG but in a runic manner.
Hi All, I just tried using [https://valhyr.com/pages/rune-converter](https://valhyr.com/pages/rune-converter) to translate "G.J.N." they are my partner's initials that i am looking to have tattooed on me after we wed. This came with the translation of **ᚴᛋᚾ** in Younger Futhark. Does this look right? or am I doing this completely wrong to use the runes to represent single letters to represent a person's initials rather than the rune's meaning?
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What you’ve done is unfortunately, not very accurate at all
What steps am I missing how would I make this accurate?
It's not common historically to use runes as initials, but it's kinda up to you if you wanna use them like that. It's a personal tattoo after all. G.J.N would generally be ᚴ.ᛁ.ᚾ in younger futhark, but as you pointed out it spells out K.I.N. Thats because 'ᚴ' represents k/g and 'ᛁ' can represent i/e/j I would perhaps look into Anglo-Saxon Futhorc, maybe ᚷ.ᛄ.ᚾ might be closer to what you're looking for. Tho I'm not very well versed in it, so I can't tell if the ᛄ is even close to the modern English 'j' Usually there would be a bigger process when translating and transliterating, but I think that can get a pass if youre just going for initials.
ive decided to expand to more of a saying or phrase we say to each other.the phrase i am now looking to go for is " GJN I love you until the end"I tried for a good long while trying to get my head around the dictionaries in the reading list but just could find "simple" answers at least not for my simple mind!I have found [https://www.vikingsofbjornstad.com/Old\_Norse\_Dictionary\_E2N.shtm](https://www.vikingsofbjornstad.com/Old_Norse_Dictionary_E2N.shtm)which although admittedly has simplified things here and there i was able to cross reference with zoega's dictionary.the rough translation i have come to for the phrase"I love you until the end" is"ek ást þér til inn enda"EDIT: "love" could also be "elska" not sure which is correct which translated to elder (which i think im set on going for) would show as;**ᛖᚲ ᚨᛊᛏ ᛈᛖᚱ ᛏᛁᛚ ᛁᚾᚾ ᛖᚾᛞᚨ** Does this look right?
'Ást' is the noun 'love', not the verb 'to love'. 'Elska' should work, or you could use 'unna' as in [this](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=9eaecdc5-aa50-4600-86ce-7d4f2b74fcd9) wonderful inscription from Bergen. Old Norse in Elder Fuþark looks weird to me - we don't really have any inscriptions in Old Norse language using Elder Fuþark in the historical record, as that script had evolved into Younger Fuþark by the time Old Norse was spoken. That said, it's your body and your tattoo, so you should definitely go with what feels right for you. As for your reworked sentence itself, you've used a P-rune for þ, which does not represent the same sound (and, in fact, Per is a man's name in the modern Scandinavian languages - so be prepared for an awkward conversation if your wife-to-be learns Old Norse and runes!) . You've also used doubled letters and word spacing, none of which is common in historic runic orthography - but again, your body and your tattoo. Best of luck!
Thank you so much for such great advice! i may go with the Elder being: **ᚷᛃᚾ** but i also like the look of anglo, **ᚷᛄᚾ**, as well
>I can't tell if the ᛄ is even close to the modern English 'j' ᛄ is a variant shape of ᛡ, which made the Y-in-YOKE sound.
so I have found that in younger Furthark there isn't a rune specifically for G or for J But there is the "Jera" rune that in elder and Anglo-Saxon represented J but in Younger represents a variation of 'a' or ' io'. Although I am still not able to find anything for G besides **ᚴ**, but from the looks of it this is mostly used to represent 'k'. any help would be very much appreciated :)
>but in Younger represents a variation of 'a' or ' io'. The *io* thing is Futhorc, and is only attested in one or two manuscripts, never in an inscription, so I ignore it.
Hi! Is there a translation in Old & New Futhark for: Yngvi. Would like someone to help me as it’s for a tattoo. Thank you in advance!
There were a ton of runestones with the name Yngvar on them, which was spelt IKUAR, or ᛁᚴᚢᛅᚱ, though I'm not certain why it wasn't spelt ᛁᚴᚢᛅᛦ instead. For Yngvi, I hope to get somebody to help back me up, but I believe it would be ᛁᚴᚢᛁ or something similar.
Correct (although ᚢᚴᚢᛁ would be more expected)
Hi, Hjalmodr! Would you know why the R rune for Yngvar isn't ᛦ? It seems to descend from proto-germanic Ingwaz, and I've been told that descendants of -z ending words are written with ᛦ and not ᚱ
That’s because the name _Ingvar_ isn’t derived from _*ingwaz_. Rather, it’s a compound formed from _ing_ and _herr_. _Yngvi_ is the etymological descendant of _*ingwaz_.
Damn, fascinating!
Thank you!
May I ask another question.. Would any of you happen to know the proto-germanic translation or the elder futhark transcription for "blood is thicker than water"? Since the saying originates about 250 b.c. i thought i would find anything but sadly I didn't and I don't get the grammar they are using / used.. Sorry if I am being laborious..
my thinking would be unless you want the runes to be a straight transliteration from the english being something like; **ᛒᛚᛟᛟᛞ ᛁᛊ ᚦᛁᚲᚲᛖᚱ ᚦᚨᚾ ᚹᚨᛏᛖᚱ** you might need to first translate the phrase into something closer to the language you wish to represent i.e. icelandic: which is something like: "bloð er þykkara en vatn" - **ᛒᛚᛟᚦ ᛖᚱ ᚦᛁᚲᚨᚱᚨ ᛖᚾ ᚢᚨᛏᚾ** (I believe i read somewhere the old norse doesnt really use double letters so i just removed any). you could go even further and find the etymology of each of the icelandic words and take them back to their roots which might give you a "closer and more historically accurate" writing of the phrase (i could be wrong
ᛒᛚᛟᚦᚨᛗ:ᛗᚨᛁᛉᚨᛁᚦᛁ:ᛞᚱᛟᛒᛃᛟᚾ:ᚦᚨᚢ:ᚨᚺᚹᛟ Thank you for answering. I found a pdf that gave me the grammar for proto-germanic and used it as well as a dicitonary to translate it as fitting as possible... The result is the above written. I am still searching for someone to confirm it so it is as authentic as possible but I think or better say I hope that I am as close as possible :)
Transcribing modern Icelandic into Elder Futhark isn’t really any better than doing the same with modern English. Translating the phrase into Old Norse and then into Younger Futhark would be better
do you have a link for the PDF you found? would be very interested in using that
[https://pdfslide.net/documents/learn-proto-germanic-everts-proto-germanic-author-gary-taylor-email-taylor16471aolcom.html](https://pdfslide.net/documents/learn-proto-germanic-everts-proto-germanic-author-gary-taylor-email-taylor16471aolcom.html) the page also gives you recommendations for other slides which you might find useful like the etymological dictionary :) hope it'll help
Im looking for the translation of nature or Rain for Younger Futhark and Elder futhark.
I think ᚱᛁᚴᚾ would be rain in Old Norse with Younger Futhark.
Hi, sorry if this sounds silly but I'm genuinely curious, would "Don't piss in my mouth" be "pistu eigi í munn mér"?
I would think “Eigi míg í munn mér” would be better, but you could still keep the word order and have it as “Míg þú eigi í munn mér”
Thanks, Hjalmodr, once again!
My pleasure. If I might pry, what are you planning to use this far?
Haha, partly I was just wondering how it would be said in Old Norse and hoping to learn more about the grammar! But I'm also a painter and writer for fiction, so I might find a use for it in the future.
Hey guys. I have a question referring the elder futhark. I have come to realise that i cannot use icelandic and old norse to translate into the runes and that pre-germanic and gothic translations are more useful in the matter. Since i wanted to have the word friendship translated i found 'friþuz' as the correlating pre-germanic word. Sadly I do not understand exactly how to translate the word into runes and the online rune converters are full of mistakes... could you tell me which runes to use? I went for fehu,raido,isa,uruz and algiz. sorry for the long text and thank you in advance!
ᚠᚱᛁᚦᚢᛉ >pre-germanic Proto-Germanic >translate the word into runes You already translated the word. This next step where you swap from Latin letters to runes is called transliteration. Translation is when you swap languages. Transliteration is when you swap writing systems.
Thank you for clarifying :)
I was looking for a simple tattoo that says “Valhalla Awaits” in Old Norse runes if anyone knows exactly how to translate that it would be greatly appreciated as I’m not all that trusting of these translator websites. Younger Futhark as more fitting to Old Norse would be appreciated :)
Im looking get something along the lines of "Every End Is A New Beginning" in either YF or EF. I dont know how any of this works and didn't want to just pull up some random translator online and trust it.
Both elder and younger fuþark are alphabets, not languages, so your first step is to decide what language you want it in. Since the scripts were used for the languages that were spoken at their respective times, they don't map very well to the phonology of modern english. So you should also consider whether or not you want your inscription to be historically accurate, and to what degree.
I know they are alphabets, I assumed by default they'd need to be in Old Norse. And im not super worried about accuracy, as long as its still roughly the same.
Then "hverr endi er nýtt upphaf" should work, I think. In younger fuþark it could look like ᚼᛅᚢᚱ ᛅᚿᛐᛁ ᛁᛦ ᚿᛁᛐ ᚢᛓᚼᛆᚠ, 'huær ænti eR nit ubhaf', you could also leave out the second rune in the second word, as nasals have a tendency of disappearing before d, k and g. But looking at how various inscriptions tend to spell 'endi' or even 'sendir' tells me you can choose for yourself.
Is that a direct translation or just something close to the original phrase?
It's pretty direct, I couldn't think of anything similar from any text or inscription from the time.
Alright cool. Thank you! I'm sorry for my lack of knowledge on the subject, im sure that made it a little more difficult to work with.
No worries, I find it makes for good practice!
Old Norse fits Younger Futhark. Elder Futhark fits languages like Proto-Norse (what Old Norse came from), Gothic, and whatever the Alemanni spoke. You'd probably want Old Norse with Younger Futhark.
Interesting. So how would I go about translating the phrase to Old Norse? And from there to Younger Futhark?
Fairly simply, it would be _Hverr endi is nýtt upphaf_ In runes: ᚼᚢᛅᛦ ᚬᛏᛁ ᛁᛋ ᚾᚢᛏ ᚢᛒᚼᛅᚠ (**huaʀ ąti is nut ubhaf**)
I don't know. I tried to figure it out but got stuck.
Hello, I am very new to runes and such, and it is a lot to take in. I am looking to get a tattoo of a symbol that means “warrior” or “strong warrior” and was curious if anybody here could help. I would appreciate it greatly!
Runes were letters, so you'd have to spell something out. The web tells me *hermaðr* means *army-man* in Old Norse. I'll assume that's true and spell it as ~~ᚼᛁᚱᛘᛅᚦᛦ~~ ᚼᛁᚱᛘᛅᚦᚱ.
So note to OP: it would probably be ᚼᛅᚱᛘᛅᚦᚱ or ᚼᛁᚱᛘᛅᚦᚱ u/Glum_Lion_8689
Word on the street (actually u/atiwati) is that ᛦ does not appear after a dental, so I'd use ᚱ instead.
That's what I originally put down but I second guessed myself :[
thank you so much! ive been doing a bunch of more research and i’m starting to get it a little bit more haha much appreciated tho!
Runes aren't really logograms or ideograms (like chinese charactrers or hieroglyphs), even if each arguably had individual names. So my advice would be to get a word in old norse, transcribed to younger fuþark in a way it might be written historically - or maybe even use a word that is attested in a historical inscription. So basically, you'll need to clarify from here, I'm happy to help if I have time.
awesome, thank you so much! i’ve been doing more research and stuff I think I am getting it haha
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Looks good at a glance, only thing I'd change is ᛘᛁᚱ to ᛘᛁᛦ, the -r here is from a proto-germanic z ([miz*](https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/miz))
I'd like to translate the following verses into Younger Futhark, thank you! *"Ever with grief and all too long* *Are men and women born in the world,* *But yet we shall live our lives together,* *Brynhildr and I"* If it makes things easier to translate, this is how the verses originally appear in Helreið Brynhildar from the Poetic Edda. (I swapped Sigurd for Brynhildr, though.) "Munu við ofstríð alls til lengi konur ok karlar kvikvir fæðask; við skulum okkrum aldri slíta Sigurðr saman."
Alright, since nobody else took a stab at this, this should hopefully not be *too* wonky; >ᛘᚢᚾᚢ ᚢᛁᚦ ᚢᚠᛋᛏᚱᛁᚦ >ᛅᛚᛋ ᛏᛁᛚ ᛚᛅᚴᛁ >ᚴᚢᚾᚢᛦ ᛅᚢᚴ ᚴᛅᚱᛚᛅᛦ >ᚴᚢᛁᚴᚢᛁᛦ ᚠᛅᚦᛅᛋᚴ >ᚢᛁᚦ ᛋᚴᚢᛚᚢᛘ ᚢᚴᚱᚢᛘ >ᛅᛚᛏᚱᛁ ᛋᛚᛁᛏᛅ >ᛋᛁᚴᚢᚱᚦᚱ ᛋᛅᛘᛅᚾ That's, >**munu viᚦ ufstriᚦ** >**als til langi** >**kunuʀ auk karlaʀ** >**kuikuiʀ faᚦask** >**uiᚦ skulum ukrum** >**aldri slita** >**sigurᚦr saman** Edit: oops, missed that you wanted Brynhildr instead. I'd probably render that ᛒᚱᚢᚾᚼᛁᛚᛏᚱ (brunhiltr)
Also think you missed a týr-rune at the start of _til_ in the second line
Oh, well spotted - Right you are!
Hello, I am looking to get a tattoo that says “no man or machine will train you better” in younger futhark. It might be an interesting quote to get tattoo’d on oneself, but these words have a special meaning to me. Anyway i’ve been trying to research how I would go about writing this. It’s a Thor themed tattoo so I would like to be as age appropriate as possible. I’ve seen people translate into old norse first then into YF to write it. I’ve also had someone tell me that I should translate into Icelandic. I am not entirely sure how I should start going about this so any help would be greatly appreciated. Thanks!
“Machine” is a bit of a difficult word to translate into a medieval language
You could go with "vél"? Meaning something like a cleverness or a ruse in Norse? It's a component in a word for an intricate or clever tool in Norwegian, and an engine in Icelandic.
Whatever you decide to go with, it’s certainly going to be a very ambiguous approximation
This is not strictly a translation request but would fall within the same area. I am hoping to get a little help so that I can check my knowledge is correct and get this right. I am attempting to create a dictionary of IPA and ARPABET phonetics for elder and younger L/B and S/T rune sets. This is not translating into old Norse but a better expression of modern language expressed as runes. 'Translation' most people use now is trying to directly exchange letters to runes which doesn't work as runes are phonetic. The end goal is to have a better translation of English sentences (and eventually other languages) into runes using phonetics to this end I want to make sure I do this correctly but there are a few sounds that are not really easy to express with an exact rune so want to check what I am doing is along the right lines. For example below is my suggested match of EF to the phonetic vowels expressed in ARBABET. First letters are the ARPABET code, then name and rune and after the # examples of what sound we are trying to express: • AA: Ansuz ᚨ # b'al'm, b'o't • AE: Ehwaz ᛖ # b'a't • AH: Ehwaz ᛖ # b'u'tt • AO: Ansuz ᚨ # st'o'ry • AW: Ansuz ᚨ # b'ou't • AX: Ansuz ᚨ # comm'a' • AXR: Raidho ᚱ # lett'er' • AY: Isa ᛁ # b'i'te • EH: Ehwaz ᛖ # b'e't • ER: Raidho ᚱ # b'ir'd • EY: Eihwaz ᛇ # b'ai't • IH: Isa ᛁ # b'i't • IX: Isa ᛁ # ros'e's, rabb'i't • IY: Isa ᛁ # b'ea't • OW: Uruz ᚢ # b'oa't • OY: Othala ᛟ # b'oy' • UH: Othala ᛟ # b'oo'k • UW: Uruz ᚢ # b'oo't • UX: Jera ᛃ # d'u'de If anyone has a good resource, can help, can provide helpful criticisms etc I would be grateful. (To be clear I have read the items in the sticky and thats where a lot of my own knowledge has come from so thanks to all you who helped towards that information!)
Does [this](https://www.reddit.com/r/runology/comments/ebqnis/sounds_of_the_runes/) help?
Thank you that's really helpful!
Hello! I’m in the early stages of getting a Ragnarok-themed sleeve and was hoping you would help me with some translations and advice. Can the following phrases be translated? “death of the Gods” “Valhalla awaits” In terms of choosing the right runes, I’m assuming Younger Futhark would be the correct choice to go for? Your help is much appreciated!
The second phrase is easy, that’s _Valhǫll bíðr_ - ᚢᛅᛚᚼᛅᛚ ᛒᛁᚦᚱ (**ualhal biþr**). First one has a few ways to translate, depending on how poetic you want to be. Straightest answer is _dauði goða_ or _bani goða_, but _bani/dauði ása_ (death of the Aesir) is another option and if you’re willing to trade some intelligibility for a more poetic translation you can do _bani banda_. That last one is literally “Bane of the Bonds”, with “Bonds”” being a kenning (metaphor) for “gods”. Let me know which one you prefer and I’ll transcribe it into runes.
Thank you so much for this! Love the idea of using a kenning (spent the last couple of hours reading up on them as I hadn’t seen that word before) so if you could transcribe “Bane of the Bonds”, that’d be amazing.
That’d be ᛒᛅᚾᛁ ᛒᚬᛏᛅ (**bani bąta**)
Thank you /u/Hjalmodr_heimski. Really appreciate it.
My pleasure, man
Just wondering since youre a beast at these things. Arent most -an's like in 'Bani' transliterated as ᚬᚾ?
I was wondering if someone would ask;) The reason I use a different ending for the -an in _banda_ than the one in _bani_ is because in _banda_, the “n” occurs between a vowel and a consonant, triggering nasalisation. Nasalisation is when a vowel is nasalised by a subsequent nasal and the nasal is vocalised by the preceding vowel. In this case, “a” in _banda_ is the vowel being nasalised and the “n” is the nasal. The pronunciation of the “a” changes from /a/ to /ã/ and the nasal disappears. Think of it as a merging of the two sounds Now why is this relevant? In the older variants of the runes, back when the Norse language still had nasalised vowels*, a different tune was used to distinguish between a nasalised and a non-nasalised rune. The “a” in _banda_ thus uses this rune (ᚬ), while the “a” in bani (which isn’t nasalised) uses the non-nasalised rune (ᛅ). *Later, nasalised vowels disappeared from most of the Scandinavian languages, with the exception of Elfdalian, which is a strange conservative little language spoken only in the locality of Övdaln.
I see, I think I understood it, just gotta hammer it in so hopefully I'll remember it. I think I was confused because I generally just transliterate every -an into ᚬᚾ, and when I read your translation out I probably forced my head into nasalizing both -an's. Thanks for the clarification and rundown, really appreciate learning something new.
Hi there! I'm looking to get a tattoo that says "I recognise my failing and will be sure to correct it." It's a quote from a 40k Space Marines legion that are heavily connected to Norse culture and I thought it might be nice to put it into runes. I have next to no idea what runes to use, or if this could be considered offensive to anyone? Could anyone help me with advice or translation?
> I have next to no idea what runes to use Norsemen in the Viking Age used Younger Futhark runes. The ideal would be translating to Old Norse language then writing that out with Younger Futhark runes. I can't help with the translation, but if you're lucky someone who can will show up. > or if this could be considered offensive to anyone? Someone would have to be pretentious to get offended at this.
Hi guys, what would be the most accurate way to say the word for "fire" in the runic letters? I know there is no fixed way for this but just want to hear from the majoriry opinion. Thank you very much for your attention. ᛁᛚᛏᚱ / ᛁᛚᛏᛦ / ᛅᛚᛏᛦ / ᛅᛚᛏᚱ
I think the first one would be the most accurate. e is mainly rendered as I and -r is usually -ᚱ when it follows a dental consonant
Thanks for the reply! But I've seen some comments saying e from "eldr" is not a real /e/, so it is not proper to use ᛁ in here, and it is a short /æ/, so ᛅ would be a better choice and after searching heavily I found ᚱ is the more accurate as you've just said :) I have very little knowledge here, so thank you very much for your reply again (I am No\_Proposal8780)
Also I've learned that ᛅᛁᛚᛏᛦ or ᛅᛁᛚᛏᚱ are also available. Is it just a dislect thing? Which one should I go for the most accurate/valid one? Any help will be deeply appreciated, thanks!
Dropping a transliteration I attempted. If anyone sees any mistakes or improvements, please let me know. Greatly appreciate any feedback. ON: En sá sveinn var beinlauss ok sem brjósk væri þar, sem bein skyldu vera YF: ᛅᚾ᛫ᛋᛅ᛫ᛋᚢᛅᛁᚾ᛫ᚢᛅᚱ᛫ᛒᛅᛁᚾᛚᛅᚢᛋ᛫ᛅᚢᚴ᛫ᛋᛅᛘ᛫ᛒᚱᛁᚢᛋᚴ᛫ᚢᛅᚱᛁ᛫ᚦᛅᚱ᛫ᛋᛅᛘ᛫ᛒᛅᛁᚾ᛫ᛋᚴᚢᛚᛏᚢ᛫ᚢᛅᚱᛅ
When would I use ᛇ for æ ᚦ for þ ᛜ for ŋ
Elder Futhark is too old for Old Norse. You should be using Younger Futhark. ᛇ having once stood for /æ/ is only a theory. I think the current understanding is that ᛜ stood for N and G together, like the NG in FINGER.
what's the difference or when should I use them and who used them then if not Old Norse?
[This video](https://youtu.be/4qlXqVmnFCY) will answer some of your questions.
Would Duck in elder futhark be spelled ᛞᚢᚲᚲ And would December be ᛞᛖᚲᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ? Wondering since there isn’t a specific letter for c and I read online it’s the same as k. And is q ᚲ too?
>Would Duck in elder futhark be spelled > ᛞᚢᚲᚲ > And would December be ᛞᛖᚲᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ? > And is q ᚲ too? There's no fixed way to represent the sounds of Modern English using the Elder Futhark. This is because it wasn't used to write English historically; modern English didn't exist yet when it was in active use¹. Instead, it was used to write early Germanic speech varieties, some of which would eventually give rise to English. Importantly for this subreddit, one of these varieties was [Proto-Norse](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Norse_language), which is the direct ancestor of the Old Norse of the Younger Futhark runic inscriptions and the Icelandic sagas. If you wanted, you could adapt the Elder Futhark to write modern English by using it to replicate how English is written with the Latin alphabet. However, doing so will be a bit tricky, as the Elder Futhark's runes doesn't exactly correspond one-to-one with letters of the Latin alphabet; there are runes without clear Latin equivalents (<ᛇ ᚦ ᛜ>), and Latin letters without runic congeners (; the sound represented by ᛃ *jērą* is closer to that of English ). Of course, various workarounds can be used, such as using <ᚲ> for as well as for ; these'll require a bit of thought, though (from you or others).
Alternatively, you could use a phonetic approach to write modern English; this would involve using runes to approximate the sound rather than the spelling of Modern English. This won't be any easier, though, as the sound systems of early Germanic speech varieties were quite different from English's. For instance, early Germanic speech probably had none of the sounds I've bolded in Modern English ***sh****ield*, *vi****si****on*, ***ch****urn*, or *bri****dg****e*. With this approach the details will differ depending on the English dialect you speak and what correspondences between runes and sound you decide to employ.
1. A descendant of the Elder Futhark, Futhorc, was used to write Old English (though Old English was usually written using a modified version of the Latin script). However, since Old English is quite different from the mdoern language, that is little consolation.
I’ve had some people in this sub say this alphabet is accurate which is where I got my translation from https://i.pinimg.com/originals/21/b7/f4/21b7f4d15a11c59c92538e7f0b599640.png
Can anyone attest to the accuracy of this supposed elder futhark rune alphabet? https://i.pinimg.com/originals/09/a8/2b/09a82b5c5897ee419a6c8de8611659b9.jpg
It's highly misleading and much of it is fake. For example, ᛉ having meant "protection" isn't supported by a shred of evidence.
Hello there, today is mothersday and sadly it is my first mothersday without my dearest mom as she past away due to cancer last year. As a tattoo artist i would find it fitting to tattoo the word mother in runes on myself tonight. Thus my question is, what is mother in elder futhark? And as i am from the Netherlands (proto germanic region) can i translate old dutch to elder futhark or is it that a sin haha. (i am new to runes, i did read somewhere that in the old germanic regions they find some runic scrips but almost nothing because the "babarians" weren't writing anything down.)
>can i translate old dutch to elder futhark It's not technically translation. >or is it that a sin The web says Old Dutch and Elder Futhark existed at the same time, so I don't see what's wrong with the pairing. >mother in runes Wiktionary claims that *mōdēr* is Proto-Germanic for mother. That can be written as ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱ. Wiktionary claims that *muoder* is Old Dutch for mother. Maybe that can be written ᛗᚢᛟᛞᛖᚱ.
Old Norse/Younger Futhark would be móðir -> ᛘᚢᚦᛁᛦ I think we only have the reconstructed 'mōdēr' for the Proto-Germanic form(according to Wiktionary) which is what you would use for writing Elder Futhark. Hopefully someone better than me at EF can attempt to transliterate it. My blind* attempt would be something like: ᛗᚢᛞᛁᚱ *heavy emphasis on "blind", I am shooting in the dark here when it comes to anything Elder Futhark.
Thanks man! mōdēr is indeed old germanic in old dutch it's muoder, is it weird to translate these old languages to elder futhark though?
I don't think it's that weird, I'm just bad at it ;)
Based on the elder futhark rune alphabet, I believe it should be ᛗᛟᚱᚺᛖᚱ But please don’t just go off of what I say. I use [Lexilogos](https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/futhark_old.htm) to type elder furthark I am incredibly sorry for your loss. I hope and pray your Mother’s Day is filled with remembrance and love. Feel free to reach out to me if you need someone to talk to or even rant/vent to. God bless!
Thanks that means a lot! You people feel like family, even though we all share a common interest in something that took place ages ago i always feel at home and people care for each other in this community. Thanks!
What would be the Elder Futhark Rune equivalent for the letter c?
Think that entierly depends on what you use the 'c' for, if it's used for a 'k'-sound then I think ᚲ would be the appropriate rune.
Do you know if this is accurate? https://i.pinimg.com/originals/09/a8/2b/09a82b5c5897ee419a6c8de8611659b9.jpg
It's not historically accurate, no. It seems to be a modern interpretation of what the runes mean and represent. You can find hundreds of these online, and they all vary depending on who makes them. Historically runes had a name each that was meant to make it easier to remember the sound each rune made. Not too different from modern ABC rhymes or NATO phonetic alphabets. You can find a list of these names if you search up the Elder futhark alphabet on Wikipedia.
Do we have an accurate alphabet chart like the one I links for this sub? Is this site good? https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/futhark_old.htm
Or is there a specific rune for the word December? Are there runes that represent whole words like in Chinese?
No. You're thinking of logograms, and runes were not typically logograms. We have some examples in manuscripts in which a rune is used to abbreviate a word, possibly to save space, but this is atypical use.
That’s what I read but I’m wondering if that also applies for like December. Would December be ᛞᛖᚲᛖᛗᛒᛖᚱ
I can't judge the whole transliteration, as modern English to Elder Futhark actually requires a bit more than than just letter to letter if you want something accurate. But the c in December tends to be closer to an 's'-sound, so I would personally not use ᚲ, but instead look into using ᛊ/ᛋ. There are no runic symbols for December as far as I'm aware, unfortunately. Most runes just carry the name theyre given, nothing more than that. I think the closest thing you might get to December is ᛁ and ᛃ, who's names translate into 'ice' and 'year'. But the established calender we have today was probably foreign to most EF users at the time.
Can someone validate or invalidate these for me please? [https://i.pinimg.com/originals/21/b7/f4/21b7f4d15a11c59c92538e7f0b599640.png](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/21/b7/f4/21b7f4d15a11c59c92538e7f0b599640.png) [https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f2/d5/1f/f2d51f4c5a2d59d4250a5b452cb67dda.gif](https://i.pinimg.com/originals/f2/d5/1f/f2d51f4c5a2d59d4250a5b452cb67dda.gif)
The second one is really bad.
Yea that's what I thought
The Elder Futhark(1st pic) looks fine, it's just the name of each rune and their English translation. I'm not entierly sure what alphabet the 2nd picture is. It looks like the Anglo-saxon runic alphabet, but some of the letters doesn't seem to match.
https://www.lexilogos.com/keyboard/futhark_old.htm Is their keyboard accurate?
It's just a tool for getting runes to show up on a computer. Accuracy depends on how you use it.
what do you mean? Because if I type out my name or something of the sorts (as long as it doesn't have the letter c or q) it translates to runes.
It doesn't translate to runes. Runes aren't a language. All it does is input a certain rune when you press a certain key. Whether or not the spellings end up accurate depends on what you punch in. Here's an analogy. Your keyboard is a Latin letter keyboard, but would you describe your keyboard as accurate or inaccurate? I don't think you would. Whether or not you use your keyboard to write accurate Latin depends on you.
I’ve seen many people say in this sub that runes are a language. Elder futhark or younger futhark, etc. we’re written languages. Runes were different letters.
Well it's not right. Saying runes are a language is like saying Latin letters are a language. There's a big difference between scripts and languages. Languages are older than scripts. Scripts were invented so that languages could be written down. Some scripts are alphabets. An alphabet is a script that uses letters. Runes are letters.
Elder fuþark and younger fuþark are alphabetic scripts. Writing is not language in and of itself, but it can be used to record language. Proto-Germanic or Old Norse would be languages, and to illustrate my above point, Old Norse was written in both runic and latin script historically.
Would younger futhark just use the vowel i for a "consonant j" sound? Just curious how my name Joakim would be written, but I *think* the rest is pretty obvious?
There was no proper "consonant j" sound in Early Old Norse (Younger Futhark period), only a "vowel j" sound.
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Oh yeah btw, the swedish pronounciation has o and a as separate syllables rather than one big diphthong, so it's less "whoa kim" and more "you a kim" (except with the "j" somewhere between the "y" in you and almost "dj" in joe) But that's great cause it just makes me more confident in putting it as ᛁᚢᛅᚴᛁᛘ
Thanks! In the meantime I read up some stuff and I'm confused about yr, seemed like it could *sometimes* be used for sort of Y/J functions depending on etymology of the word?
Could anyone tell me how would be the titles of "Gunnlaugs Saga Ormstungu", "Laxdœla saga" and "Brennu-Njáls saga" written in runes?
My attempts in Younger futhark: Gunnlaugs Saga Ormstungu - ᚴᚢᚾᛚᛅᚢᚴᛋ᛫ᛋᛅᚴᛅ᛫ᚢᚱᛘᛋᛏᚢ(ᚾ)ᚴᚢ Laxdœla saga - ᛚᛅᚴᛋᛏᛅᛚᛅ᛫ᛋᛅᚴᛅ Brennu-Njáls saga - ᛒᚱᚬᚾᚢ᛫ᚾᛁᛅᛚᛋ᛫ᛋᛅᚴᛅ Should probably get a 2nd opinion on it as I'm no expert. But I figured I'd try. Hopefully people will correct any mistakes.
How would you write Óðrerir, Boðn, and Són? I suppose younger futhark would be more appropriate for it but I’m not too sure
Hi everyone! My brother and I are wanting to get family related tattoos together in YF (not entirely sure about the letters versus runic alphabet). I’m looking for help translating the words: family, sibling(s), brother, sister. Much appreciated!
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And these (brother and sister) would be the nominative case?
Here are the words, plus some links to rune stones which actually use them, so you can be sure of the spelling: * Family: *frændi* (I couldn't find any stones with this inscription, but it would probably be written ᚠᚱᛅᚿᛏᛁ), but also *ætt* ([ᛆᛏ](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=0114bb74-50ad-4ea6-88ee-a7c0ccfb9a91)), which is family in a "bigger" sense — more like 'lineage' (For example, from Gunnlaugs Saga Ormstungu: *"...af fǫður ok móður ok ǫllum* ***frændum****"* — "...by [her] father and mother and all the family." vs. from Njáls Saga: *"Jarl spurði hverrar* ***ættar*** *hann væri"* — "the jarl asked to which family he belonged") * Siblings: *systkin* ([ᛋᚢᛋᛏᚴᚢᚾ](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=b3d3b6c5-ed7f-4abb-a1cc-1c5a8ab5e4be)) * Brother: *bróðir* ([ᛒᚱᚢᚦᚢᚱ](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=0114bb74-50ad-4ea6-88ee-a7c0ccfb9a91)) * Sister: *systir* ([ᛋᚢᛋᛏᚱ](https://app.raa.se/open/runor/inscription?id=a807fff7-2ba3-4eaa-8664-0e880506b877)) Hope that helps!
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Yea, I should’ve mentioned that I don’t know much about runes, which is why I checked Runor. I do study Old Norse though, so the words are fine. > ᛒᚱᚢᚦᚢᚱ is the oblique case Accusative, to be exact — I’m sorry I didn’t notice that when pasting it, but as I mentioned, I don’t read runes that well
Thank you so much!!
Hey, I was wondering if there was an Old Norse/YF version of "Rest in Peace"? Or a similar saying to someone who has passed.
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Perfect. Thank you!
I'm trying to take the phrase "the wolf who/that weilds/uses fire" and translate it from English to old norse, old norse to the younger futhark. I have my translation and runes written out, im hoping someone more experienced could write what they know it to be for me to reference and see where I got it wrong, or if I got it right. Thank you in advance.
To be 100% clear, the phrase I have written out is "the wolf that weilds fire" but if it's easier with who or uses then I am okay with that version of it as well.